Knjiga Urantije
DIO III. Povijest Urantije
POGLAVLJE 72 : VLADA SUSJEDNOG PLANETA
Sekcije
- Uvod
- § 1. KONTINENTALNA NACIJA
- § 2. POLITIČKA ORGANIZACIJA
- § 3. OBITELJSKI ŽIVOT
- § 4. OBRAZOVNI SUSTAV
- § 5. INDUSTRIJSKA ORGANIZACIJA
- § 6. STAROSNO OSIGURANJE
- § 7. OPOREZIVANJE
- § 8. POSEBNA SVEUČILIŠTA
- § 9. PLAN OPĆEG PRAVA GLASA
- § 10. POSTUPANJE S KRIMINALOM
- § 11. VOJNA PRIPRAVNOST
- § 12. DRUGE NACIJE
Paper 72
Government on a Neighboring Planet
Government on a Neighboring Planet
Sections
- Introduction
- § 1. The Continental Nation
- § 2. Political Organization
- § 3. The Home Life
- § 4. The Educational System
- § 5. Industrial Organization
- § 6. Old-Age Insurance
- § 7. Taxation
- § 8. The Special Colleges
- § 9. The Plan of Universal Suffrage
- § 10. Dealing with Crime
- § 11. Military Preparedness
- § 12. The Other Nations
Od svih svjetova Satanije koji su postali izolirani zbog sudjelovanja u Luciferovoj pobuni, ovaj je planet doživio povijest najsličniju povijesti Urantije. Sličnost tih dviju sfera nedvojbeno objašnjava zašto je dano dopuštenje za ovo izvanredno izlaganje, jer vladari sustava vrlo rijetko pristaju na iznošenje prilika jednog planeta drugome.
72:0.2 (808.2)
Of all the Satania worlds which became isolated because of participation in the Lucifer rebellion, this planet has experienced a history most like that of Urantia. The similarity of the two spheres undoubtedly explains why permission to make this extraordinary presentation was granted, for it is most unusual for the system rulers to consent to the narration on one planet of the affairs of another.
Ovaj je planet, poput Urantije, bio zaveden nelojalnošću svog Planetarnog Princa u vezi s Luciferovom pobunom. Primio je Materijalnog Sina nedugo nakon Adamova dolaska na Urantiju, ali i taj je Sin podbacio, ostavljajući sferu izoliranom, budući da Magisterijalni Sin nikada nije bio darovan njegovim smrtnim rasama.
72:0.3 (808.3)
This planet, like Urantia, was led astray by the disloyalty of its Planetary Prince in connection with the Lucifer rebellion. It received a Material Son shortly after Adam came to Urantia, and this Son also defaulted, leaving the sphere isolated, since a Magisterial Son has never been bestowed upon its mortal races.
Unatoč svim tim planetarnim poteškoćama, na jednom izoliranom kontinentu veličine Australije razvija se vrlo superiorna civilizacija. Ta nacija broji oko 140 milijuna stanovnika. Njezini su ljudi mješovite rase, pretežno plave i žute, s nešto većim udjelom ljubičaste nego kod takozvane bijele rase Urantije. Te različite rase još nisu potpuno stopljene, ali se međusobno bratime i druže na vrlo prihvatljiv način. Prosječni životni vijek na tom kontinentu sada iznosi devedeset godina, što je petnaest posto više nego kod bilo kojeg drugog naroda na planetu.
72:1.1 (808.4)
Notwithstanding all these planetary handicaps a very superior civilization is evolving on an isolated continent about the size of Australia. This nation numbers about 140 million. Its people are a mixed race, predominantly blue and yellow, having a slightly greater proportion of violet than the so-called white race of Urantia. These different races are not yet fully blended, but they fraternize and socialize very acceptably. The average length of life on this continent is now ninety years, fifteen per cent higher than that of any other people on the planet.
Industrijski mehanizam te nacije uživa veliku prednost koja proizlazi iz jedinstvene topografije kontinenta. Visoke planine, na kojima tijekom osam mjeseci u godini padaju obilne kiše, smještene su u samom središtu zemlje. Taj prirodni raspored pogoduje korištenju vodene energije i uvelike olakšava navodnjavanje sušnije zapadne četvrtine kontinenta.
72:1.2 (808.5)
The industrial mechanism of this nation enjoys a certain great advantage derived from the unique topography of the continent. The high mountains, on which heavy rains fall eight months in the year, are situated at the very center of the country. This natural arrangement favors the utilization of water power and greatly facilitates the irrigation of the more arid western quarter of the continent.
Ti su ljudi samodostatni; to jest, oni mogu neograničeno dugo živjeti bez uvoza bilo čega iz okolnih naroda. Njihovi prirodni resursi su obilni, a znanstvenim tehnikama naučili su nadoknaditi svoje nedostatke u životnim potrepštinama. Uživaju u živahnoj domaćoj trgovini, ali imaju malo vanjske trgovine zbog općeg neprijateljstva svojih manje progresivnih susjeda.
72:1.3 (808.6)
These people are self-sustaining, that is, they can live indefinitely without importing anything from the surrounding nations. Their natural resources are replete, and by scientific techniques they have learned how to compensate for their deficiencies in the essentials of life. They enjoy a brisk domestic commerce but have little foreign trade owing to the universal hostility of their less progressive neighbors.
Ova kontinentalna nacija uglavnom je slijedila evolucijski razvoj planeta: razvoj od plemenske faze do pojave snažnih vladara i kraljeva trajao je tisućama godina. Za tim bezuvjetnim monarsima slijedili su mnogi različiti oblici vladanja — neuspjele republike, komunalne države i diktature dolazile su i prolazile u beskrajnoj procesiji. Taj se razvoj nastavio sve do prije otprilike petsto godina kada je, tijekom razdoblja političkog previranja, jedan od moćnih diktatora-trijumvira ove nacije doživio preobražaj srca. Dobrovoljno se odrekao vlasti pod uvjetom da se jedan od druge dvojice vladara — niži od preostale dvojice — također odrekne svoje diktature. Tako je suverenitet kontinenta bio predan u ruke jednog vladara. Ujedinjena država napredovala je pod snažnom monarhijskom vlašću više od stotinu godina, tijekom kojih je razvila majstorsku povelju slobode.
72:1.4 (808.7)
This continental nation, in general, followed the evolutionary trend of the planet: The development from the tribal stage to the appearance of strong rulers and kings occupied thousands of years. The unconditional monarchs were succeeded by many different orders of government—abortive republics, communal states, and dictators came and went in endless profusion. This growth continued until about five hundred years ago when, during a politically fermenting period, one of the nation’s powerful dictator-triumvirs had a change of heart. He volunteered to abdicate upon condition that one of the other rulers, the baser of the remaining two, also vacate his dictatorship. Thus was the sovereignty of the continent placed in the hands of one ruler. The unified state progressed under strong monarchial rule for over one hundred years, during which there evolved a masterful charter of liberty.
Kasniji prijelaz iz monarhije u predstavnički oblik vlasti bio je postupan, a kraljevi su ostali tek društvene ili sentimentalne figure, da bi naposljetku potpuno nestali kada je izumrla muška nasljedna loza. Sadašnja republika postoji tek dvjesto godina, tijekom kojih je neprekidno napredovala prema tehnikama upravljanja koje će uskoro biti opisane, dok su posljednji razvoji na industrijskom i političkom području ostvareni tijekom proteklog desetljeća.
72:1.5 (809.1)
The subsequent transition from monarchy to a representative form of government was gradual, the kings remaining as mere social or sentimental figureheads, finally disappearing when the male line of descent ran out. The present republic has now been in existence just two hundred years, during which time there has been a continuous progression toward the governmental techniques about to be narrated, the last developments in industrial and political realms having been made within the past decade.
Ova kontinentalna nacija sada ima predstavničku vlast s nacionalnim glavnim gradom smještenim u središtu zemlje. Središnja vlast sastoji se od snažne federacije stotinu relativno slobodnih država. Te države biraju svoje guvernere i zakonodavce na deset godina, a nitko nema pravo na ponovni izbor. Državne suce doživotno imenuju guverneri, a potvrđuju ih zakonodavna tijela sastavljena od jednog predstavnika na svakih sto tisuća građana.
72:2.1 (809.2)
This continental nation now has a representative government with a centrally located national capital. The central government consists of a strong federation of one hundred comparatively free states. These states elect their governors and legislators for ten years, and none are eligible for re-election. State judges are appointed for life by the governors and confirmed by their legislatures, which consist of one representative for each one hundred thousand citizens.
Postoji pet različitih oblika gradske vlasti, ovisno o veličini grada, ali nijednom gradu nije dopušteno imati više od milijun stanovnika. U cjelini gledano, ti sustavi gradske uprave vrlo su jednostavni, izravni i ekonomični. Najviši tipovi građana smatraju taj mali broj gradskih upravnih položaja vrlo poželjnima.
72:2.2 (809.3)
There are five different types of metropolitan government, depending on the size of the city, but no city is permitted to have more than one million inhabitants. On the whole, these municipal governing schemes are very simple, direct, and economical. The few offices of city administration are keenly sought by the highest types of citizens.
Savezna vlast obuhvaća tri koordinirane grane: izvršnu, zakonodavnu i sudsku. Savezni vrhovni izvršni dužnosnik bira se svakih šest godina općim teritorijalnim pravom glasa. Nema pravo na ponovni izbor osim na temelju peticije najmanje sedamdeset i pet državnih zakonodavnih tijela uz suglasnost odgovarajućih državnih guvernera, i to samo za jedan mandat. Savjetuje ga superkabinet sastavljen od svih živućih bivših vrhovnih izvršnih dužnosnika.
72:2.3 (809.4)
The federal government embraces three co-ordinate divisions: executive, legislative, and judicial. The federal chief executive is elected every six years by universal territorial suffrage. He is not eligible for re-election except upon the petition of at least seventy-five state legislatures concurred in by the respective state governors, and then but for one term. He is advised by a supercabinet composed of all living ex-chief executives.
2. Donji dom biraju određene društvene organizacije koje obuhvaćaju društvene, političke i filozofske skupine koje nisu uključene u industriju ili profesije. Svi građani s urednim građanskim statusom sudjeluju u izboru obiju vrsta predstavnika, ali su različito razvrstani ovisno o tome odnosi li se izbor na gornji ili donji dom.
72:2.6 (809.7)
2. The lower house is elected by certain organizations of society embracing the social, political, and philosophic groups not included in industry or the professions. All citizens in good standing participate in the election of both classes of representatives, but they are differently grouped, depending on whether the election pertains to the upper or lower house.
3. Treći dom — stariji državnici — obuhvaća veterane građanske službe i uključuje mnoge ugledne osobe koje nominiraju vrhovni izvršni dužnosnik, regionalni (podsavezni) izvršni dužnosnici, predsjednik vrhovnog tribunala i predsjedavajući bilo kojeg od druga dva zakonodavna doma. Ova je skupina ograničena na stotinu članova, a njezine članove bira većinskom odlukom sam zbor starijih državnika. Članstvo je doživotno, a kada se pojave upražnjena mjesta, uredno je izabran kandidat koji među nominiranima dobije najveći broj glasova. Djelokrug ovog tijela isključivo je savjetodavan, ali ono je moćan regulator javnog mnijenja i vrši snažan utjecaj na sve grane vlasti.
72:2.7 (809.8)
3. The third house—the elder statesmen—embraces the veterans of civic service and includes many distinguished persons nominated by the chief executive, by the regional (subfederal) executives, by the chief of the supreme tribunal, and by the presiding officers of either of the other legislative houses. This group is limited to one hundred, and its members are elected by the majority action of the elder statesmen themselves. Membership is for life, and when vacancies occur, the person receiving the largest ballot among the list of nominees is thereby duly elected. The scope of this body is purely advisory, but it is a mighty regulator of public opinion and exerts a powerful influence upon all branches of the government.
Velik dio saveznih upravnih poslova obavlja deset regionalnih (podsaveznih) vlasti, od kojih se svaka sastoji od udruženja deset država. Te regionalne podjele imaju isključivo izvršnu i upravnu funkciju te nemaju ni zakonodavne ni sudske ovlasti. Deset regionalnih izvršnih dužnosnika osobno imenuje savezni vrhovni izvršni dužnosnik, a trajanje njihove službe podudara se s njegovim — šest godina. Savezni vrhovni tribunal potvrđuje imenovanje tih deset regionalnih izvršnih dužnosnika, a premda ne mogu biti ponovno imenovani, izvršni dužnosnik koji odlazi automatski postaje suradnik i savjetnik svoga nasljednika. U svemu ostalom, ti regionalni poglavari sami biraju svoje kabinete upravnih službenika.
72:2.8 (810.1)
Very much of the federal administrative work is carried on by the ten regional (subfederal) authorities, each consisting of the association of ten states. These regional divisions are wholly executive and administrative, having neither legislative nor judicial functions. The ten regional executives are the personal appointees of the federal chief executive, and their term of office is concurrent with his—six years. The federal supreme tribunal approves the appointment of these ten regional executives, and while they may not be reappointed, the retiring executive automatically becomes the associate and adviser of his successor. Otherwise, these regional chiefs choose their own cabinets of administrative officials.
3. Savezni vrhovni sud — visoki tribunal za presuđivanje nacionalnih sporova i žalbenih slučajeva koji dolaze s državnih sudova. Ovaj vrhovni tribunal sastoji se od dvanaest osoba starijih od četrdeset i mlađih od sedamdeset i pet godina, koji su dvije ili više godina služili na nekom državnom tribunalu i koje je na taj visoki položaj imenovao vrhovni izvršni dužnosnik uz većinsko odobrenje superkabineta i trećeg doma zakonodavne skupštine. Sve odluke ovog vrhovnog sudskog tijela donose se najmanje dvotrećinskom većinom glasova.
72:2.12 (810.5)
3. Federal supreme court—the high tribunal for the adjudication of national contentions and the appellate cases coming up from the state courts. This supreme tribunal consists of twelve men over forty and under seventy-five years of age who have served two or more years on some state tribunal, and who have been appointed to this high position by the chief executive with the majority approval of the supercabinet and the third house of the legislative assembly. All decisions of this supreme judicial body are by at least a two-thirds vote.
72:2.17 (810.10)
The federal supreme court does not pass upon socioeconomic cases except upon the three-quarters vote of the third legislative branch of the national government, the house of elder statesmen. Otherwise, all decisions of the parental, educational, and industrial high courts are final.
Na ovom je kontinentu protuzakonito da dvije obitelji žive pod istim krovom. Budući da su zajednički stambeni objekti zabranjeni, većina zgrada tipa stambenih blokova je srušena. No neoženjene i neudane osobe i dalje žive u klubovima, hotelima i drugim zajedničkim prebivalištima. Najmanja dopuštena kućna parcela mora obuhvaćati oko 4.650 četvornih metara zemljišta. Sve zemljište i druga imovina koja se koristi za potrebe doma oslobođeni su poreza do deset puta veće površine od minimalno dopuštene kućne parcele.
72:3.1 (811.1)
On this continent it is against the law for two families to live under the same roof. And since group dwellings have been outlawed, most of the tenement type of buildings have been demolished. But the unmarried still live in clubs, hotels, and other group dwellings. The smallest homesite permitted must provide fifty thousand square feet of land. All land and other property used for home purposes are free from taxation up to ten times the minimum homesite allotment.
Obiteljski život tog naroda znatno se poboljšao tijekom posljednjeg stoljeća. Za oba roditelja, i oca i majku, obvezno je sudjelovanje u roditeljskim školama za kulturni odgoj djece. Čak i zemljoradnici koji žive u udaljenim seoskim naseljima sudjeluju u toj nastavi dopisnim putem, a svakih deset dana, odnosno svaka dva tjedna, budući da imaju petodnevni tjedan — odlaze u obližnja središta radi usmene poduke.
72:3.2 (811.2)
The home life of this people has greatly improved during the last century. Attendance of parents, both fathers and mothers, at the parental schools of child culture is compulsory. Even the agriculturists who reside in small country settlements carry on this work by correspondence, going to the near-by centers for oral instruction once in ten days—every two weeks, for they maintain a five-day week.
Prosječan broj djece u svakoj obitelji iznosi pet, a ona su pod potpunom kontrolom svojih roditelja ili, u slučaju smrti jednog ili obaju roditelja, pod nadzorom skrbnika koje određuju roditeljski sudovi. Smatra se velikom čašću kada neka obitelj dobije skrbništvo nad potpunim siročetom. Među roditeljima se održavaju natjecateljski ispiti, a siroče se povjerava domu onih koji pokažu najbolje roditeljske kvalifikacije.
72:3.3 (811.3)
The average number of children in each family is five, and they are under the full control of their parents or, in case of the demise of one or both, under that of the guardians designated by the parental courts. It is considered a great honor for any family to be awarded the guardianship of a full orphan. Competitive examinations are held among parents, and the orphan is awarded to the home of those displaying the best parental qualifications.
72:3.4 (811.4)
These people regard the home as the basic institution of their civilization. It is expected that the most valuable part of a child’s education and character training will be secured from his parents and at home, and fathers devote almost as much attention to child culture as do mothers.
Sav spolni odgoj provodi se u domu od strane roditelja ili zakonskih skrbnika. Moralnu poduku pružaju učitelji tijekom razdoblja odmora u školskim radionicama, ali nije tako s religioznim odgojem, koji se smatra isključivim pravom roditelja, budući da se religija smatra sastavnim dijelom obiteljskog života. Isključivo religiozna poduka javno se pruža samo u hramovima filozofije, jer se među tim ljudima nisu razvile isključivo religiozne ustanove poput crkava na Urantiji. U njihovoj filozofiji religija predstavlja težnju da se upozna Bog i očituje ljubav prema bližnjima kroz služenje ljudima, ali to nije tipično za religiozni status drugih naroda na ovom planetu. Religija je među tim ljudima toliko obiteljska stvar da ne postoje javna mjesta namijenjena isključivo religijskim okupljanjima. Politički gledano, crkva i država, kako bi Urantijanci rekli, potpuno su odvojene, ali postoji neobično preklapanje religije i filozofije.
72:3.5 (811.5)
All sex instruction is administered in the home by parents or by legal guardians. Moral instruction is offered by teachers during the rest periods in the school shops, but not so with religious training, which is deemed to be the exclusive privilege of parents, religion being looked upon as an integral part of home life. Purely religious instruction is given publicly only in the temples of philosophy, no such exclusively religious institutions as the Urantia churches having developed among this people. In their philosophy, religion is the striving to know God and to manifest love for one’s fellows through service for them, but this is not typical of the religious status of the other nations on this planet. Religion is so entirely a family matter among these people that there are no public places devoted exclusively to religious assembly. Politically, church and state, as Urantians are wont to say, are entirely separate, but there is a strange overlapping of religion and philosophy.
Sve do prije dvadeset godina duhovni učitelji (usporedivi s urantijskim pastorima), koji povremeno posjećuju svaku obitelj kako bi ispitali djecu i utvrdili jesu li ih roditelji pravilno poučili, bili su pod nadzorom vlasti. Ti duhovni savjetnici i ispitivači sada djeluju pod vodstvom novoosnovane Zaklade za Duhovni Napredak, ustanove koja se uzdržava dobrovoljnim prilozima. Moguće je da se ova ustanova neće dalje razvijati sve do dolaska Rajskog Magisterijalnog Sina.
72:3.6 (811.6)
Until twenty years ago the spiritual teachers (comparable to Urantia pastors), who visit each family periodically to examine the children to ascertain if they have been properly instructed by their parents, were under governmental supervision. These spiritual advisers and examiners are now under the direction of the newly created Foundation of Spiritual Progress, an institution supported by voluntary contributions. Possibly this institution may not further evolve until after the arrival of a Paradise Magisterial Son.
Djeca ostaju zakonski podložna svojim roditeljima do petnaeste godine, kada se održava njihovo prvo uvođenje u građansku odgovornost. Nakon toga, svakih pet godina tijekom pet uzastopnih razdoblja održavaju se slične javne ceremonije za te dobne skupine, pri čemu se njihove obveze prema roditeljima smanjuju, dok preuzimaju nove građanske i društvene odgovornosti prema državi. Pravo glasa stječe se s dvadeset godina, pravo na brak bez roditeljskog pristanka ne dodjeljuje se prije dvadeset i pete godine, a djeca moraju napustiti dom kada navrše trideset godina.
72:3.7 (811.7)
Children remain legally subject to their parents until they are fifteen, when the first initiation into civic responsibility is held. Thereafter, every five years for five successive periods similar public exercises are held for such age groups at which their obligations to parents are lessened, while new civic and social responsibilities to the state are assumed. Suffrage is conferred at twenty, the right to marry without parental consent is not bestowed until twenty-five, and children must leave home on reaching the age of thirty.
Zakoni o braku i razvodu jednaki su u cijeloj naciji. Brak prije dvadesete godine — dobi građanskog punopravlja — nije dopušten. Dopuštenje za sklapanje braka daje se tek nakon jednogodišnje najave namjere, i to nakon što i mladenka i mladoženja predoče potvrde da su uredno poučeni u roditeljskim školama o odgovornostima bračnog života.
72:3.8 (812.1)
Marriage and divorce laws are uniform throughout the nation. Marriage before twenty—the age of civil enfranchisement—is not permitted. Permission to marry is only granted after one year’s notice of intention, and after both bride and groom present certificates showing that they have been duly instructed in the parental schools regarding the responsibilities of married life.
Propisi o razvodu donekle su blagi, ali odluke o rastavi koje izdaju roditeljski sudovi ne mogu se dobiti prije nego što prođe jedna godina od podnošenja zahtjeva, a godina na ovom planetu znatno je dulja nego na Urantiji. Bez obzira na zakonodavnu jednostavnost razvoda, trenutna stopa razvoda iznosi tek jednu desetinu stope koja prevladava među civiliziranim rasama Urantije.
72:3.9 (812.2)
Divorce regulations are somewhat lax, but decrees of separation, issued by the parental courts, may not be had until one year after application therefor has been recorded, and the year on this planet is considerably longer than on Urantia. Notwithstanding their easy divorce laws, the present rate of divorces is only one tenth that of the civilized races of Urantia.
Obrazovni sustav ove nacije obvezan je i zajednički za oba spola u školama koje učenici pohađaju prije upisa na fakultet. Te se škole uvelike razlikuju od onih na Urantiji. Ne postoje učionice; istodobno se proučava samo jedan predmet, a nakon prve tri godine svi učenici postaju pomoćni učitelji, podučavajući one ispod sebe. Knjige se koriste samo radi pribavljanja informacija koje pomažu u rješavanju problema nastalih u školskim radionicama i na školskim farmama. Velik dio namještaja koji se koristi na kontinentu, kao i mnoge mehaničke naprave — ovo je veliko doba izuma i mehanizacije — proizvodi se u tim radionicama. Uz svaku radionicu nalazi se radna knjižnica u kojoj učenik može konzultirati potrebne priručnike. Poljoprivreda i hortikultura također se poučavaju tijekom cijelog obrazovnog razdoblja na prostranim farmama koje se nalaze uz svaku lokalnu školu.
72:4.1 (812.3)
The educational system of this nation is compulsory and coeducational in the precollege schools that the student attends from the ages of five to eighteen. These schools are vastly different from those of Urantia. There are no classrooms, only one study is pursued at a time, and after the first three years all pupils become assistant teachers, instructing those below them. Books are used only to secure information that will assist in solving the problems arising in the school shops and on the school farms. Much of the furniture used on the continent and the many mechanical contrivances—this is a great age of invention and mechanization—are produced in these shops. Adjacent to each shop is a working library where the student may consult the necessary reference books. Agriculture and horticulture are also taught throughout the entire educational period on the extensive farms adjoining every local school.
Slaboumni se osposobljavaju samo za poljoprivredu i stočarstvo te se doživotno smještaju pod nadzor u posebne kolonije gdje su spolovi odvojeni kako bi se spriječilo roditeljstvo, koje je uskraćeno svim mentalno zaostalim osobama. Te su restriktivne mjere na snazi već sedamdeset i pet godina; odluke o smještaju donose roditeljski sudovi.
72:4.2 (812.4)
The feeble-minded are trained only in agriculture and animal husbandry, and are committed for life to special custodial colonies where they are segregated by sex to prevent parenthood, which is denied all subnormals. These restrictive measures have been in operation for seventy-five years; the commitment decrees are handed down by the parental courts.
Svake godine se uzima jedan mjesec odmora. Škole prije fakulteta rade devet mjeseci tijekom godine koja traje deset mjeseci, dok se odmor provodi s roditeljima ili prijateljima na putovanjima. Ta putovanja dio su programa obrazovanja odraslih i nastavljaju se tijekom cijelog života, a sredstva za pokrivanje tih troškova prikupljaju se istim metodama koje se koriste za starosno osiguranje.
72:4.3 (812.5)
Everyone takes one month’s vacation each year. The precollege schools are conducted for nine months out of the year of ten, the vacation being spent with parents or friends in travel. This travel is a part of the adult-education program and is continued throughout a lifetime, the funds for meeting such expenses being accumulated by the same methods as those employed in old-age insurance.
Jedna četvrtina školskog vremena posvećena je igri — natjecateljskoj atletici — pri čemu učenici napreduju u tim natjecanjima od lokalnih, preko državnih i regionalnih, pa sve do nacionalnih ispita vještine i sposobnosti. Isto tako, govornička i glazbena natjecanja, kao i ona iz znanosti i filozofije, zaokupljaju pozornost učenika od nižih društvenih razina pa sve do natjecanja za nacionalna priznanja.
72:4.4 (812.6)
One quarter of the school time is devoted to play—competitive athletics—the pupils progressing in these contests from the local, through the state and regional, and on to the national trials of skill and prowess. Likewise, the oratorical and musical contests, as well as those in science and philosophy, occupy the attention of students from the lower social divisions on up to the contests for national honors.
Svako dijete koje s osamnaest godina završi sustav školovanja prije fakulteta postaje vješt obrtnik. Tada započinje proučavanje knjiga i stjecanje specijaliziranog znanja, bilo u školama za odrasle ili na fakultetima. Kada briljantan učenik završi svoj program prije predviđenog vremena, dodjeljuje mu se nagrada u vremenu i sredstvima kako bi mogao raditi na nekom projektu po vlastitom izboru. Cijeli obrazovni sustav osmišljen je tako da pojedinca adekvatno osposobi za život.
72:4.6 (813.1)
Every child graduating from the precollege school system at eighteen is a skilled artisan. Then begins the study of books and the pursuit of special knowledge, either in the adult schools or in the colleges. When a brilliant student completes his work ahead of schedule, he is granted an award of time and means wherewith he may execute some pet project of his own devising. The entire educational system is designed to adequately train the individual.
Industrijska situacija među tim ljudima daleko je od njihovih ideala; kapital i rad još uvijek imaju svoje poteškoće, ali se obje strane sve više prilagođavaju planu iskrene suradnje. Na ovom jedinstvenom kontinentu radnici sve više postaju dioničari u svim industrijskim poduzećima; svaki inteligentan radnik polako postaje mali kapitalist.
72:5.1 (813.2)
The industrial situation among this people is far from their ideals; capital and labor still have their troubles, but both are becoming adjusted to the plan of sincere co-operation. On this unique continent the workers are increasingly becoming shareholders in all industrial concerns; every intelligent laborer is slowly becoming a small capitalist.
Društveni antagonizmi sve se više smanjuju, a dobra volja ubrzano raste. Kao posljedica ukidanja ropstva (prije više od stotinu godina) nisu nastali nikakvi ozbiljni gospodarski problemi, budući da je ta prilagodba provedena postupno oslobađanjem po dva posto robova svake godine. Oni robovi koji su uspješno prošli mentalne, moralne i fizičke testove dobili su građanstvo; mnogi od tih superiornijih robova bili su ratni zarobljenici ili djeca takvih zarobljenika. Prije otprilike pedeset godina deportirali su posljednje od svojih inferiornijih robova, a nedavno su se posvetili smanjenju broja degeneriranih i poročnih društvenih klasa.
72:5.2 (813.3)
Social antagonisms are lessening, and good will is growing apace. No grave economic problems have arisen out of the abolition of slavery (over one hundred years ago) since this adjustment was effected gradually by the liberation of two per cent each year. Those slaves who satisfactorily passed mental, moral, and physical tests were granted citizenship; many of these superior slaves were war captives or children of such captives. Some fifty years ago they deported the last of their inferior slaves, and still more recently they are addressing themselves to the task of reducing the numbers of their degenerate and vicious classes.
Ti su ljudi nedavno razvili nove tehnike za prilagodbu industrijskih nesporazuma i ispravljanje gospodarskih zloupotreba koje predstavljaju značajan napredak u odnosu na njihove starije metode rješavanja takvih problema. Nasilje je proglašeno nezakonitim kao sredstvo rješavanja osobnih ili industrijskih nesuglasica. Plaće, profit i druga gospodarska pitanja nisu strogo regulirani, ali ih uglavnom nadziru industrijska zakonodavna tijela, dok o svim sporovima proizašlim iz industrije odlučuju industrijski sudovi.
72:5.3 (813.4)
These people have recently developed new techniques for the adjustment of industrial misunderstandings and for the correction of economic abuses which are marked improvements over their older methods of settling such problems. Violence has been outlawed as a procedure in adjusting either personal or industrial differences. Wages, profits, and other economic problems are not rigidly regulated, but they are in general controlled by the industrial legislatures, while all disputes arising out of industry are passed upon by the industrial courts.
72:5.8 (813.9)
These shall first be met in accordance with contract, or in the face of decreased earnings they shall share proportionally in transient reduction. And thereafter all earnings in excess of these fixed charges shall be regarded as dividends and shall be prorated to all three divisions: capital, skill, and labor.
Svakih deset godina regionalni izvršitelji prilagođavaju i proglašavaju zakonom propisani broj sati svakodnevnog plaćenog rada. Industrija sada posluje prema petodnevnom tjednu: četiri dana rada i jedan dan rekreacije. Ti ljudi rade šest sati svakog radnog dana i, poput učenika, rade devet mjeseci tijekom godine od deset mjeseci. Odmor se obično provodi na putovanjima, a budući da su nove metode prijevoza razvijene tek nedavno, čitava je nacija obuzeta putovanjima. Klima pogoduje putovanjima tijekom otprilike osam mjeseci u godini, i oni u potpunosti iskorištavaju te prilike.
72:5.9 (813.10)
Every ten years the regional executives adjust and decree the lawful hours of daily gainful toil. Industry now operates on a five-day week, working four and playing one. These people labor six hours each working day and, like students, nine months in the year of ten. Vacation is usually spent in travel, and new methods of transportation having been so recently developed, the whole nation is travel bent. The climate favors travel about eight months in the year, and they are making the most of their opportunities.
Prije dvjesto godina profitni motiv potpuno je dominirao industrijom, ali danas ga ubrzano potiskuju druge i više pokretačke sile. Konkurencija je na ovom kontinentu žestoka, ali velik dio nje preusmjeren je iz industrije u igru, vještinu, znanstvena postignuća i intelektualna dostignuća. Najizraženija je u društvenom služenju i odanosti vlasti. Među tim ljudima javna služba ubrzano postaje glavni cilj ambicije. Najbogatiji čovjek na kontinentu radi šest sati dnevno u uredu svoje strojarske radionice, a zatim žuri u mjesni ogranak škole državničkog umijeća, gdje nastoji steći kvalifikacije za javnu službu.
72:5.10 (813.11)
Two hundred years ago the profit motive was wholly dominant in industry, but today it is being rapidly displaced by other and higher driving forces. Competition is keen on this continent, but much of it has been transferred from industry to play, skill, scientific achievement, and intellectual attainment. It is most active in social service and governmental loyalty. Among this people public service is rapidly becoming the chief goal of ambition. The richest man on the continent works six hours a day in the office of his machine shop and then hastens over to the local branch of the school of statesmanship, where he seeks to qualify for public service.
Ovi ljudi također počinju razvijati novi oblik društvenog prezira — prezir prema besposličarenju i nezasluženom bogatstvu. Polako ali sigurno oni ovladavaju svojim strojevima. I oni su nekoć vodili borbu za političku slobodu, a zatim i za ekonomsku slobodu. Sada ulaze u razdoblje uživanja obiju, dok uz to počinju cijeniti i svoj zasluženi odmor koji mogu posvetiti većem samoostvarenju.
72:5.12 (814.2)
These people are also beginning to foster a new form of social disgust—disgust for both idleness and unearned wealth. Slowly but certainly they are conquering their machines. Once they, too, struggled for political liberty and subsequently for economic freedom. Now are they entering upon the enjoyment of both while in addition they are beginning to appreciate their well-earned leisure, which can be devoted to increased self-realization.
Ova nacija ulaže odlučan napor da zamijeni onu vrstu milostinje koja uništava samopoštovanje dostojanstvenim državnim jamstvima sigurnosti u starosti kroz sustav osiguranja. Ova nacija svakom djetetu osigurava obrazovanje, a svakom čovjeku posao; stoga može uspješno provoditi takav sustav osiguranja za zaštitu nemoćnih i starijih osoba.
72:6.1 (814.3)
This nation is making a determined effort to replace the self-respect-destroying type of charity by dignified government-insurance guarantees of security in old age. This nation provides every child an education and every man a job; therefore can it successfully carry out such an insurance scheme for the protection of the infirm and aged.
U ovom društvu sve osobe moraju se povući iz plaćenog rada sa šezdeset i pet godina, osim ako od državnog povjerenika za rad ne dobiju dozvolu da nastave raditi do sedamdesete godine. Ovo dobno ograničenje ne odnosi se na državne službenike ni filozofe. Tjelesno onesposobljene ili trajno invalidne osobe mogu se, na temelju sudskog naloga i uz odobrenje povjerenika za mirovine regionalne vlade, staviti na popis umirovljenika u bilo kojoj dobi.
72:6.2 (814.4)
Among this people all persons must retire from gainful pursuit at sixty-five unless they secure a permit from the state labor commissioner which will entitle them to remain at work until the age of seventy. This age limit does not apply to government servants or philosophers. The physically disabled or permanently crippled can be placed on the retired list at any age by court order countersigned by the pension commissioner of the regional government.
4. Prihodi od prirodnih resursa. Savezna vlada drži sva prirodna bogatstva kontinenta u društvenom povjerenju, a prihodi od njih koriste se za društvene svrhe poput prevencije bolesti, obrazovanja genijalaca i troškova pojedinaca s naročitim sposobnostima u školama za državništvo. Polovica prihoda od prirodnih resursa odlazi u fond za starosne mirovine.
72:6.7 (814.9)
4. The income from natural resources. All natural wealth on the continent is held as a social trust by the federal government, and the income therefrom is utilized for social purposes, such as disease prevention, education of geniuses, and expenses of especially promising individuals in the statesmanship schools. One half of the income from natural resources goes to the old-age pension fund.
Savezna vlada intervenira na zaštitnički način jedino u upravljanju starosnim mirovinama i u poticanju genijalnosti i stvaralačke originalnosti; državne vlade nešto se više bave pojedinačnim građaninom dok su lokalne vlasti znatno više usmjerene na društvenu skrb i zajedničke potrebe. Grad (ili neka njegova podjela) bavi se pitanjima poput zdravstva, sanitacije, građevinskih propisa, uljepšavanja, opskrbe vodom, rasvjete, grijanja, rekreacije, glazbe i komunikacija.
72:7.1 (815.1)
The federal government is paternalistic only in the administration of old-age pensions and in the fostering of genius and creative originality; the state governments are slightly more concerned with the individual citizen, while the local governments are much more paternalistic or socialistic. The city (or some subdivision thereof) concerns itself with such matters as health, sanitation, building regulations, beautification, water supply, lighting, heating, recreation, music, and communication.
U cijeloj industriji najveća se pozornost posvećuje zdravlju; određeni aspekti tjelesne dobrobiti smatraju se prerogativom industrije i zajednice, ali pitanja individualnog i obiteljskog zdravlja ostaju isključivo osobna stvar. U medicini, kao i u svim drugim strogo osobnim područjima, vlada se sve više nastoji suzdržati od uplitanja.
72:7.2 (815.2)
In all industry first attention is paid to health; certain phases of physical well-being are regarded as industrial and community prerogatives, but individual and family health problems are matters of personal concern only. In medicine, as in all other purely personal matters, it is increasingly the plan of government to refrain from interfering.
72:7.4 (815.4)
The rapid-transit facilities, which make it practical greatly to extend the city boundaries, are under municipal control. The city fire departments are supported by the fire-prevention and insurance foundations, and all buildings, in city or country, are fireproof—have been for over seventy-five years.
Ne postoje gradski imenovani službenici javnog reda; policijske snage održavaju državne vlade. Ovaj se odjel gotovo u cijelosti popunjava neoženjenim muškarcima između dvadeset i pete i pedesete godine. Većina država nameće prilično visok porez na neoženjene muškarce, koji se ukida svim muškarcima koji pristupe državnoj policiji. U prosječnoj državi policijske su snage danas samo desetina veličine koju su imale prije pedeset godina.
72:7.5 (815.5)
There are no municipally appointed peace officers; the police forces are maintained by the state governments. This department is recruited almost entirely from the unmarried men between twenty-five and fifty. Most of the states assess a rather heavy bachelor tax, which is remitted to all men joining the state police. In the average state the police force is now only one tenth as large as it was fifty years ago.
Postoji malo ili nimalo ujednačenosti među poreznim sustavima stotinu relativno slobodnih i suverenih država jer se gospodarski i drugi uvjeti znatno razlikuju u različitim dijelovima kontinenta. Svaka država ima deset temeljnih ustavnih odredbi koje se ne mogu mijenjati bez pristanka saveznog vrhovnog suda, a jedna od tih odredbi zabranjuje nametanje poreza većeg od jedan posto godišnje na vrijednost bilo koje imovine, dok su kućni posjedi, bilo gradski ili seoski, oslobođeni poreza.
72:7.6 (815.6)
There is little or no uniformity among the taxation schemes of the one hundred comparatively free and sovereign states as economic and other conditions vary greatly in different sections of the continent. Every state has ten basic constitutional provisions which cannot be modified except by consent of the federal supreme court, and one of these articles prevents levying a tax of more than one per cent on the value of any property in any one year, homesites, whether in city or country, being exempted.
Savezna vlada ne može se zaduživati, a za svako državno zaduživanje, osim u ratne svrhe, potreban je referendum s tročetvrtinskom većinom. Budući da savezna vlada ne može stvarati dug, u slučaju rata Nacionalno vijeće obrane ovlašteno je od država zatražiti novac, ljude i materijal, koliko god to bude potrebno. Ali nijedan dug ne može trajati dulje od dvadeset i pet godina.
72:7.7 (815.7)
The federal government cannot go in debt, and a three-fourths referendum is required before any state can borrow except for purposes of war. Since the federal government cannot incur debt, in the event of war the National Council of Defense is empowered to assess the states for money, as well as for men and materials, as it may be required. But no debt may run for more than twenty-five years.
1. Uvoznih carina. Sav uvoz podliježe carinama osmišljenima radi zaštite životnog standarda na ovom kontinentu, koji je daleko viši nego u bilo kojoj drugoj naciji na planetu. Ove carine određuje najviši industrijski sud nakon što oba doma industrijskog kongresa potvrde preporuke glavnog izvršitelja za gospodarska pitanja, kojega zajednički imenuju ta dva zakonodavna tijela. Viši industrijski dom biraju radnici, a niži vlasnici kapitala.
72:7.9 (815.9)
1. Import duties. All imports are subject to a tariff designed to protect the standard of living on this continent, which is far above that of any other nation on the planet. These tariffs are set by the highest industrial court after both houses of the industrial congress have ratified the recommendations of the chief executive of economic affairs, who is the joint appointee of these two legislative bodies. The upper industrial house is elected by labor, the lower by capital.
2. Autorskih naknada. Savezna vlada potiče izume i izvorna stvaralaštva u deset regionalnih laboratorija, podupirući sve vrste genijalaca — umjetnike, autore i znanstvenike — i štiteći njihove patente. Zauzvrat vlada uzima polovicu dobiti ostvarene od svih takvih izuma i stvaralaštava, bilo da se odnose na strojeve, knjige, umjetnička djela, biljke ili životinje.
72:7.10 (816.1)
2. Royalties. The federal government encourages invention and original creations in the ten regional laboratories, assisting all types of geniuses—artists, authors, and scientists—and protecting their patents. In return the government takes one half the profits realized from all such inventions and creations, whether pertaining to machines, books, artistry, plants, or animals.
Savezna sredstva, osim ratnih fondova koje odobrava Nacionalno vijeće obrane, potječu iz gornjeg zakonodavnog doma, potvrđuje ih donji dom, odobrava glavni izvršitelj, a konačno potvrđuje savezno proračunsko povjerenstvo od stotinu članova. Članove ovog povjerenstva predlažu državni guverneri, a biraju državna zakonodavna tijela na razdoblje od dvadeset i četiri godine, pri čemu se svake šeste godine bira jedna četvrtina članova. Svakih šest godina ovo tijelo tročetvrtinskim glasovanjem bira jednog od svojih članova za predsjednika, koji time postaje ravnatelj i nadzornik savezne riznice.
72:7.14 (816.5)
Federal appropriations, except war funds assessed by the National Council of Defense, are originated in the upper legislative house, concurred in by the lower house, approved by the chief executive, and finally validated by the federal budget commission of one hundred. The members of this commission are nominated by the state governors and elected by the state legislatures to serve for twenty-four years, one quarter being elected every six years. Every six years this body, by a three-fourths ballot, chooses one of its number as chief, and he thereby becomes director-controller of the federal treasury.
1. Škole državništva. Ove škole postoje u tri razine: nacionalnoj, regionalnoj i državnoj. Javne službe ove nacije podijeljene su u četiri skupine. Prva skupina javne službe odnosi se prvenstveno na nacionalnu upravu i svi nositelji tih dužnosti moraju biti diplomanti i regionalnih i nacionalnih škola za državništvo. Pojedinci mogu prihvatiti političke izborne ili imenovane dužnosti druge skupine nakon završetka bilo koje od deset regionalnih škola državništva; njihove se odgovornosti odnose na regionalnu upravu i državne vlade. Treća skupina obuhvaća državne odgovornosti i od tih se službenika traži samo državna diploma iz državništva. Od četvrte i posljednje skupine službenika ne traže se diplome iz državništva jer su takve dužnosti u potpunosti imenovane. Oni služe na nižim položajima pomoćnika, tajnika i tehničkih povjerenika, a te dužnosti obavljaju pripadnici raznih stručnih profesija u okviru državne uprave.
72:8.2 (816.7)
1. Statesmanship schools. These schools are of three classes: national, regional, and state. The public offices of the nation are grouped in four divisions. The first division of public trust pertains principally to the national administration, and all officeholders of this group must be graduates of both regional and national schools of statesmanship. Individuals may accept political, elective, or appointive office in the second division upon graduating from any one of the ten regional schools of statesmanship; their trusts concern responsibilities in the regional administration and the state governments. Division three includes state responsibilities, and such officials are only required to have state degrees of statesmanship. The fourth and last division of officeholders are not required to hold statesmanship degrees, such offices being wholly appointive. They represent minor positions of assistantship, secretaryships, and technical trusts which are discharged by the various learned professions functioning in governmental administrative capacities.
72:8.3 (816.8)
Judges of the minor and state courts hold degrees from the state schools of statesmanship. Judges of the jurisdictional tribunals of social, educational, and industrial matters hold degrees from the regional schools. Judges of the federal supreme court must hold degrees from all these schools of statesmanship.
72:8.7 (817.4)
5. Military and naval schools. Near the national headquarters and at the twenty-five coastal military centers are maintained those institutions devoted to the military training of volunteer citizens from eighteen to thirty years of age. Parental consent is required before twenty-five in order to gain entrance to these schools.
Iako su kandidati za sve javne dužnosti ograničeni na diplomante državnih, regionalnih ili saveznih škola državništva, napredni vođe ove nacije otkrili su ozbiljnu slabost u svom sustavu općeg prava glasa i prije otprilike pedeset godina ustavnom su odredbom uveli izmijenjeni sustav glasovanja koji obuhvaća sljedeće značajke:
72:9.1 (817.5)
Although candidates for all public offices are restricted to graduates of the state, regional, or federal schools of statesmanship, the progressive leaders of this nation discovered a serious weakness in their plan of universal suffrage and about fifty years ago made constitutional provision for a modified scheme of voting which embraces the following features:
1. Svaki muškarac i žena stariji od dvadeset godina imaju jedan glas. Po navršenju te dobi svi građani moraju postati članovi dviju glasačkih skupina. Prvoj će pristupiti u skladu sa svojom gospodarskom funkcijom — industrijskom, stručnom, poljoprivrednom ili trgovačkom; drugoj će skupini pristupiti prema svojim političkim, filozofskim i društvenim sklonostima. Tako svi radnici pripadaju nekoj gospodarskoj glasačkoj skupini, a tim se cehovima, poput negospodarskih udruženja, upravlja slično nacionalnoj vladi sa svojom trostrukom podjelom vlasti. Registracija u tim skupinama ne može se mijenjati tijekom dvanaest godina.
72:9.2 (817.6)
1. Every man and woman of twenty years and over has one vote. Upon attaining this age, all citizens must accept membership in two voting groups: They will join the first in accordance with their economic function—industrial, professional, agricultural, or trade; they will enter the second group according to their political, philosophic, and social inclinations. All workers thus belong to some economic franchise group, and these guilds, like the noneconomic associations, are regulated much as is the national government with its threefold division of powers. Registration in these groups cannot be changed for twelve years.
2. Na prijedlog državnih guvernera ili regionalnih izvršitelja i odlukom regionalnih vrhovnih vijeća, pojedincima koji su pružili velike usluge društvu ili pokazali iznimnu mudrost u državnoj službi mogu se dodijeliti dodatni glasovi, ali ne češće od jednom svakih pet godina i ne više od devet takvih dodatnih prava glasa. Maksimalni broj glasova koje bilo koji višestruki birač može imati jest deset. Znanstvenici, izumitelji, učitelji, filozofi i duhovni vođe također se na taj način priznaju i odaju im se počasti povećanom političkom moći. Ove napredne građanske povlastice dodjeljuju državna i regionalna vrhovna vijeća na isti način na koji posebne škole dodjeljuju diplome, a njihovi su nositelji ponosni što simbolima takvog građanskog priznanja, zajedno sa svojim drugim diplomama, dopunjuju popis svojih osobnih postignuća.
72:9.3 (817.7)
2. Upon nomination by the state governors or by the regional executives and by the mandate of the regional supreme councils, individuals who have rendered great service to society, or who have demonstrated extraordinary wisdom in government service, may have additional votes conferred upon them not oftener than every five years and not to exceed nine such superfranchises. The maximum suffrage of any multiple voter is ten. Scientists, inventors, teachers, philosophers, and spiritual leaders are also thus recognized and honored with augmented political power. These advanced civic privileges are conferred by the state and regional supreme councils much as degrees are bestowed by the special colleges, and the recipients are proud to attach the symbols of such civic recognition, along with their other degrees, to their lists of personal achievements.
4. Postoji pet razreda biračkog prava koji odražavaju prosječne godišnje poreze plaćene tijekom svakog petogodišnjeg razdoblja. Velikim poreznim obveznicima dopušteni su dodatni glasovi do najviše pet. Ovo pravo dodjeljuje se neovisno o svim drugim priznanjima, ali ni u kojem slučaju nijedna osoba ne može imati više od deset glasova.
5. U vrijeme kada je ovaj sustav biračkog prava usvojen, teritorijalni način glasovanja napušten je u korist gospodarskog ili funkcionalnog sustava. Svi građani sada glasaju kao članovi industrijskih, društvenih ili stručnih skupina bez obzira na mjesto stanovanja. Tako se biračko tijelo sastoji od povezanih, ujedinjenih i inteligentnih skupina koje za položaje državnog povjerenja i odgovornosti biraju samo svoje najbolje članove. Postoji jedna iznimka u ovom sustavu funkcionalnog ili skupnog prava glasa: izbor saveznog glavnog izvršitelja svakih šest godina provodi se glasovanjem na razini cijele nacije i nijedan građanin nema više od jednog glasa.
72:9.6 (818.1)
5. At the time this franchise plan was adopted, the territorial method of voting was abandoned in favor of the economic or functional system. All citizens now vote as members of industrial, social, or professional groups, regardless of their residence. Thus the electorate consists of solidified, unified, and intelligent groups who elect only their best members to positions of governmental trust and responsibility. There is one exception to this scheme of functional or group suffrage: The election of a federal chief executive every six years is by nation-wide ballot, and no citizen casts over one vote.
72:9.7 (818.2)
Thus, except in the election of the chief executive, suffrage is exercised by economic, professional, intellectual, and social groupings of the citizenry. The ideal state is organic, and every free and intelligent group of citizens represents a vital and functioning organ within the larger governmental organism.
Škole državništva imaju ovlast pokretati postupke pred državnim sudovima radi oduzimanja prava glasa svakom manjkavom, besposlenom, ravnodušnom ili kriminalnom pojedincu. Ovi ljudi smatraju da je nacija osuđena na propast kada pedeset posto njezina stanovništva čine inferiorne ili defektne osobe koje posjeduju pravo glasa. Vjeruju da prevlast mediokriteta označava propast svake nacije. Glasovanje je obvezno, a svima koji ne pristupe glasovanju izriču se visoke novčane kazne.
72:9.8 (818.3)
The schools of statesmanship have power to start proceedings in the state courts looking toward the disenfranchisement of any defective, idle, indifferent, or criminal individual. These people recognize that, when fifty per cent of a nation is inferior or defective and possesses the ballot, such a nation is doomed. They believe the dominance of mediocrity spells the downfall of any nation. Voting is compulsory, heavy fines being assessed against all who fail to cast their ballots.
Načini na koje se ovi ljudi odnose prema kriminalu, ludilu i degeneraciji u nekim su pogledima pohvalni, ali će se u drugima bez sumnje činiti šokantnima većini stanovnika Urantije. Obični kriminalci i defektne osobe smještaju se, odvojeno po spolu, u različite poljoprivredne kolonije koje su više nego samoodržive. Višestruki počinitelji zločina i neizlječivo ludi osuđuju se sudskom presudom na smrt u komorama sa smrtonosnim plinom. Brojni zločini osim ubojstva, uključujući izdaju javnog povjerenja, također nose smrtnu kaznu, a provođenje pravde je sigurno i brzo.
72:10.1 (818.4)
The methods of this people in dealing with crime, insanity, and degeneracy, while in some ways pleasing, will, no doubt, in others prove shocking to most Urantians. Ordinary criminals and the defectives are placed, by sexes, in different agricultural colonies and are more than self-supporting. The more serious habitual criminals and the incurably insane are sentenced to death in the lethal gas chambers by the courts. Numerous crimes aside from murder, including betrayal of governmental trust, also carry the death penalty, and the visitation of justice is sure and swift.
Ovi ljudi prelaze iz negativnog u pozitivno razdoblje zakona. Nedavno su otišli toliko daleko da pokušavaju spriječiti zločin osuđujući osobe za koje se vjeruje da bi mogle postati ubojice ili veliki kriminalci na doživotnu službu u zatočeničkim kolonijama. Ako takvi osuđenici kasnije pokažu da su postali normalniji, mogu biti uvjetno pušteni ili pomilovani. Stopa ubojstava na ovom kontinentu iznosi samo jedan posto stope među drugim nacijama.
72:10.2 (818.5)
These people are passing out of the negative into the positive era of law. Recently they have gone so far as to attempt the prevention of crime by sentencing those who are believed to be potential murderers and major criminals to life service in the detention colonies. If such convicts subsequently demonstrate that they have become more normal, they may be either paroled or pardoned. The homicide rate on this continent is only one per cent of that among the other nations.
72:10.3 (818.6)
Efforts to prevent the breeding of criminals and defectives were begun over one hundred years ago and have already yielded gratifying results. There are no prisons or hospitals for the insane. For one reason, there are only about ten per cent as many of these groups as are found on Urantia.
Diplomanti saveznih vojnih škola mogu biti imenovani „čuvarima civilizacije” u sedam činova, u skladu sa sposobnostima i iskustvom, od strane predsjednika Nacionalnog vijeća obrane. Ovo vijeće sastoji se od dvadeset i pet članova koje predlažu najviši roditeljski, obrazovni i industrijski sudovi, potvrđuje savezni vrhovni sud, a po službenoj dužnosti njime predsjedava načelnik stožera koordiniranih vojnih poslova. Takvi članovi služe do sedamdesete godine života.
72:11.1 (818.7)
Graduates of the federal military schools may be commissioned as “guardians of civilization” in seven ranks, in accordance with ability and experience, by the president of the National Council of Defense. This council consists of twenty-five members, nominated by the highest parental, educational, and industrial tribunals, confirmed by the federal supreme court, and presided over ex officio by the chief of staff of co-ordinated military affairs. Such members serve until they are seventy years of age.
Programi koje pohađaju ti imenovani časnici traju četiri godine i uvijek su povezani s ovladavanjem nekim zanatom ili profesijom. Vojna obuka nikada se ne provodi bez pridruženog industrijskog, znanstvenog ili stručnog obrazovanja. Kada se vojna obuka završi, pojedinac je tijekom četverogodišnjeg programa stekao polovicu obrazovanja koje se pruža u posebnim školama čiji programi također traju četiri godine. Na taj se način izbjegava stvaranje profesionalne vojne klase pružanjem mogućnosti velikom broju muškaraca da se uzdržavaju dok stječu prvu polovicu tehničkog ili stručnog obrazovanja.
72:11.2 (819.1)
The courses pursued by such commissioned officers are four years in length and are invariably correlated with the mastery of some trade or profession. Military training is never given without this associated industrial, scientific, or professional schooling. When military training is finished, the individual has, during his four years’ course, received one half of the education imparted in any of the special schools where the courses are likewise four years in length. In this way the creation of a professional military class is avoided by providing this opportunity for a large number of men to support themselves while securing the first half of a technical or professional training.
Vojna služba u vrijeme mira potpuno je dobrovoljna, a služba u svim rodovima traje četiri godine tijekom kojih svaki muškarac, uz ovladavanje vojnom taktikom, pohađa i neko posebno područje studija. Glazbena obuka jedno je od glavnih područja djelovanja središnjih vojnih škola i dvadeset i pet kampova za obuku raspoređenih duž oboda kontinenta. Tijekom razdoblja industrijskog zastoja mnoge tisuće nezaposlenih automatski se uključuju u izgradnju vojnih obrambenih sustava kontinenta na kopnu, moru i u zraku.
72:11.3 (819.2)
Military service during peacetime is purely voluntary, and the enlistments in all branches of the service are for four years, during which every man pursues some special line of study in addition to the mastery of military tactics. Training in music is one of the chief pursuits of the central military schools and of the twenty-five training camps distributed about the periphery of the continent. During periods of industrial slackness many thousands of unemployed are automatically utilized in upbuilding the military defenses of the continent on land and sea and in the air.
Iako ovi ljudi održavaju snažan vojni sustav kao obranu od invazije okolnih neprijateljskih naroda, njima se može priznati da tijekom više od stotinu godina nisu upotrijebili te vojne resurse u osvajačkom ratu. Dosegnuli su razinu civiliziranosti na kojoj mogu odlučno braniti civilizaciju bez podlijeganja iskušenju da svoje ratne moći koriste za agresiju. Od uspostave ujedinjene kontinentalne države nije bilo građanskih ratova, ali tijekom posljednja dva stoljeća ovi su ljudi bili prisiljeni voditi devet žestokih obrambenih sukoba, od kojih su tri bila protiv moćnih saveza svjetskih sila. Iako ova nacija održava primjerenu obranu od napada neprijateljskih susjeda, mnogo više pozornosti posvećuje obrazovanju državnika, znanstvenika i filozofa.
72:11.4 (819.3)
Although these people maintain a powerful war establishment as a defense against invasion by the surrounding hostile peoples, it may be recorded to their credit that they have not in over one hundred years employed these military resources in an offensive war. They have become civilized to that point where they can vigorously defend civilization without yielding to the temptation to utilize their war powers in aggression. There have been no civil wars since the establishment of the united continental state, but during the last two centuries these people have been called upon to wage nine fierce defensive conflicts, three of which were against mighty confederations of world powers. Although this nation maintains adequate defense against attack by hostile neighbors, it pays far more attention to the training of statesmen, scientists, and philosophers.
Kada je u miru sa svijetom, svi pokretni obrambeni mehanizmi gotovo su u potpunosti uključeni u trgovinu, promet i rekreaciju. Kada se objavi rat, mobilizira se cijela nacija. Tijekom razdoblja neprijateljstava u svim industrijama primjenjuju se vojne plaće, a načelnici svih vojnih odjela postaju članovi kabineta glavnog izvršitelja.
72:11.5 (819.4)
When at peace with the world, all mobile defense mechanisms are quite fully employed in trade, commerce, and recreation. When war is declared, the entire nation is mobilized. Throughout the period of hostilities military pay obtains in all industries, and the chiefs of all military departments become members of the chief executive’s cabinet.
Upravo sada ova superiorna vlada planira uspostaviti veleposlaničke odnose s inferiornim narodima, a po prvi put pojavio se veliki religijski vođa koji zagovara slanje misionara tim okolnim nacijama. Bojimo se da će uskoro napraviti pogrešku koju su mnogi drugi učinili kada su pokušavali nametnuti superiornu kulturu i religiju drugim rasama. Kakvo bi se čudesno djelo moglo ostvariti na ovom svijetu kada bi ova kontinentalna nacija napredne kulture okupila najbolje među susjednim narodima te ih, nakon obrazovanja, poslala natrag kao glasnike kulture svojoj zaostaloj braći! Naravno, kada bi Rajski Magisterijalni Sin uskoro došao ovoj naprednoj naciji, velike bi se stvari mogle brzo dogoditi na ovom svijetu.
72:12.2 (819.6)
Just now this superior government is planning to establish ambassadorial relations with the inferior peoples, and for the first time a great religious leader has arisen who advocates the sending of missionaries to these surrounding nations. We fear they are about to make the mistake that so many others have made when they have endeavored to force a superior culture and religion upon other races. What a wonderful thing could be done on this world if this continental nation of advanced culture would only go out and bring to itself the best of the neighboring peoples and then, after educating them, send them back as emissaries of culture to their benighted brethren! Of course, if a Magisterial Son should soon come to this advanced nation, great things could quickly happen on this world.
Ovaj prikaz prilika na susjednom planetu iznesen je posebnim dopuštenjem s namjerom unapređenja civilizacije i poticanja evolucije vladavine na Urantiji. Mnogo bi se više moglo ispričati što bi bez sumnje zanimalo i zaintrigiralo stanovnike Urantije, ali ovo otkrivenje obuhvaća granice našeg dopuštenog mandata.
72:12.3 (820.1)
This recital of the affairs of a neighboring planet is made by special permission with the intent of advancing civilization and augmenting governmental evolution on Urantia. Much more could be narrated that would no doubt interest and intrigue Urantians, but this disclosure covers the limits of our permissive mandate.
Stanovnici Urantije trebali bi ipak imati na umu da njihov sestrinski svijet u obitelji Satanije nije imalo koristi ni od magisterijalnih niti od misija darivanja Rajskih Sinova. Narodi Urantije također nisu međusobno odvojeni tolikim razlikama u kulturi kakve razdvajaju kontinentalnu naciju od ostalih naroda ovog planeta.
72:12.4 (820.2)
Urantians should, however, take note that their sister sphere in the Satania family has benefited by neither magisterial nor bestowal missions of the Paradise Sons. Neither are the various peoples of Urantia set off from each other by such disparity of culture as separates the continental nation from its planetary fellows.
Izlijevanje Duha Istine pruža duhovni temelj za ostvarenje velikih postignuća u interesu ljudskog roda na svijetu darivanja. Urantija je stoga mnogo bolje pripremljena za skorije ostvarenje planetarne vlade sa svojim zakonima, mehanizmima, simbolima, konvencijama i jezikom, što bi moglo tako snažno pridonijeti uspostavi svjetskog mira pod zakonom i dovesti do konačnog osvita stvarnog doba duhovnog stremljenja; a takvo doba predstavlja planetarni prag utopijskih doba svjetla i života.
72:12.5 (820.3)
The pouring out of the Spirit of Truth provides the spiritual foundation for the realization of great achievements in the interests of the human race of the bestowal world. Urantia is therefore far better prepared for the more immediate realization of a planetary government with its laws, mechanisms, symbols, conventions, and language—all of which could contribute so mightily to the establishment of world-wide peace under law and could lead to the sometime dawning of a real age of spiritual striving; and such an age is the planetary threshold to the utopian ages of light and life.