유란시아 책
III 부. 유란시아의 역사
66:0.2 (741.2)
About five hundred thousand years ago and concurrent with the appearance of the six colored or Sangik races, Caligastia, the Planetary Prince, arrived on Urantia. There were almost one-half billion primitive human beings on earth at the time of the Prince’s arrival, and they were well scattered over Europe, Asia, and Africa. The Prince’s headquarters, established in Mesopotamia, was at about the center of world population.
66:1.3 (741.5)
Caligastia very early sought a commission as Planetary Prince, but repeatedly, when his request came up for approval in the constellation councils, it would fail to receive the assent of the Constellation Fathers. Caligastia seemed especially desirous of being sent as planetary ruler to a decimal or life-modification world. His petition had several times been disapproved before he was finally assigned to Urantia.
66:1.4 (741.6)
Caligastia went forth from Jerusem to his trust of world dominion with an enviable record of loyalty and devotion to the welfare of the universe of his origin and sojourn, notwithstanding a certain characteristic restlessness coupled with a tendency to disagree with the established order in certain minor matters.
총명한 캘리개스챠가 체계 수도{首都}를 떠날 때, 나는 예루셈에 있었다. 어떤 행성 왕자도, 50만 년 전 그 중대한 날에, 캘리개스챠가 지녔던 것보다 더 풍부한 예비 체험이나 더 훌륭한 성공 가능성을 지니고, 세상을 통치하는 생애에 임한 적이 없었다. 한 가지는 분명한데:그 사건을 지방우주에 알리기 위해 서술{敍述}하는 나의 임무를 수행할 때, 나는 훌륭한 이 라노난덱이, 행성을 보호관리하는 신성시되는 책임을 그렇게 신속히 저버리고, 우주 아들신분의 고귀한 계층에 합당한 이름을 그토록 끔찍하게 더럽히리라고는, 한 순간도 생각해보지 못했다. 나는 정말로, 세상 직무를 주재하는 자리에, 그런 숙련되고 총명하고 독창적인 정신을 갖춘 존재를 유란시아가 모심으로써, 전체 사타니아 행성 가운데서 가장 운 좋은 다섯 내지 여섯 행성에 포함되리라고 여겼다. 캘리개스챠가 아무도 모르게 자기 자신과 사랑에 빠져있었음을, 그때 나는 납득하지 못했으며;인격적 교만이 얼마나 치밀한지, 그 당시에는 충분히 이해하지 못했다.
66:1.5 (741.7)
I was present on Jerusem when the brilliant Caligastia departed from the system capital. No prince of the planets ever embarked upon a career of world rulership with a richer preparatory experience or with better prospects than did Caligastia on that eventful day one-half million years ago. One thing is certain: As I executed my assignment of putting the narrative of that event on the broadcasts of the local universe, I never for one moment entertained even in the slightest degree any idea that this noble Lanonandek would so shortly betray his sacred trust of planetary custody and so horribly stain the fair name of his exalted order of universe sonship. I really regarded Urantia as being among the five or six most fortunate planets in all Satania in that it was to have such an experienced, brilliant, and original mind at the helm of world affairs. I did not then comprehend that Caligastia was insidiously falling in love with himself; I did not then so fully understand the subtleties of personality pride.
66:2.3 (742.3)
The planetary staff included a large number of angelic co-operators and a host of other celestial beings assigned to advance the interests and promote the welfare of the human races. But from your standpoint the most interesting group of all were the corporeal members of the Prince’s staff—sometimes referred to as the Caligastia one hundred.
66:2.4 (742.4)
These one hundred rematerialized members of the Prince’s staff were chosen by Caligastia from over 785,000 ascendant citizens of Jerusem who volunteered for embarkation on the Urantia adventure. Each one of the chosen one hundred was from a different planet, and none of them were from Urantia.
66:2.5 (742.5)
These Jerusemite volunteers were brought by seraphic transport direct from the system capital to Urantia, and upon arrival they were held enseraphimed until they could be provided with personality forms of the dual nature of special planetary service, literal bodies consisting of flesh and blood but also attuned to the life circuits of the system.
66:2.6 (742.6)
Sometime before the arrival of these one hundred Jerusem citizens, the two supervising Life Carriers resident on Urantia, having previously perfected their plans, petitioned Jerusem and Edentia for permission to transplant the life plasm of one hundred selected survivors of the Andon and Fonta stock into the material bodies to be projected for the corporeal members of the Prince’s staff. The request was granted on Jerusem and approved on Edentia.
따라서, 생명 운반자들은 안돈과 훤타의 후손 가운데서 남자 50명과 여자 50명을 선택했는데, 이들은 그 독특한 인종에 속하는, 가장 뛰어난 혈통의 생존자를 대표한다. 한 두 사람의 예외는 있었어도, 인종의 진보를 위하여 기여할 이 안돈족속은 서로 알지 못하는 사이였다. 그들은 통합된 사고 섭리사 지시와 스랍의 안내에 따라서, 서로 멀리 떨어져있는 장소로부터 왕자의 행성 본부 입구로 집합했다. 여기서 1백 인의 인간 상대자{相對者}는, 아바론에서 온 매우 능숙한 자원봉사자 위원단에게 맡겨졌고, 그들은 이 안돈 후예들의 생명 원형질의 일부 물질을 추출{抽出}하도록 지도했다. 살아있는 이 물질은 그때, 왕자의 참모진 중에서 1백 인의 예루셈 시민 구성원에게 알맞도록 제조된 물질 몸체로 전환됐다. 그동안, 체계 수도로부터 새로 도착한 이 시민들은 스랍 운송선 속에 잠들어있었다.
66:2.7 (742.7)
Accordingly, fifty males and fifty females of the Andon and Fonta posterity, representing the survival of the best strains of that unique race, were chosen by the Life Carriers. With one or two exceptions these Andonite contributors to the advancement of the race were strangers to one another. They were assembled from widely separated places by co-ordinated Thought Adjuster direction and seraphic guidance at the threshold of the planetary headquarters of the Prince. Here the one hundred human subjects were given into the hands of the highly skilled volunteer commission from Avalon, who directed the material extraction of a portion of the life plasm of these Andon descendants. This living material was then transferred to the material bodies constructed for the use of the one hundred Jerusemite members of the Prince’s staff. Meantime, these newly arrived citizens of the system capital were held in the sleep of seraphic transport.
66:3.2 (743.3)
The climate and landscape in the Mesopotamia of those times were in every way favorable to the undertakings of the Prince’s staff and their assistants, very different from conditions which have sometimes since prevailed. It was necessary to have such a favoring climate as a part of the natural environment designed to induce primitive Urantians to make certain initial advances in culture and civilization. The one great task of those ages was to transform man from a hunter to a herder, with the hope that later on he would evolve into a peace-loving, home-abiding farmer.
66:3.3 (743.4)
The headquarters of the Planetary Prince on Urantia was typical of such stations on a young and developing sphere. The nucleus of the Prince’s settlement was a very simple but beautiful city, enclosed within a wall forty feet high. This world center of culture was named Dalamatia in honor of Daligastia.
66:3.4 (743.5)
The city was laid out in ten subdivisions with the headquarters mansions of the ten councils of the corporeal staff situated at the centers of these subdivisions. Centermost in the city was the temple of the unseen Father. The administrative headquarters of the Prince and his associates was arranged in twelve chambers immediately grouped about the temple itself.
66:3.7 (743.8)
Near the Prince’s headquarters there dwelt all colors and strata of human beings. And it was from these near-by tribes that the first students of the Prince’s schools were recruited. Although these early schools of Dalamatia were crude, they provided all that could be done for the men and women of that primitive age.
66:4.1 (743.10)
The arrival of the Prince’s staff created a profound impression. While it required almost a thousand years for the news to spread abroad, those tribes near the Mesopotamian headquarters were tremendously influenced by the teachings and conduct of the one hundred new sojourners on Urantia. And much of your subsequent mythology grew out of the garbled legends of these early days when these members of the Prince’s staff were repersonalized on Urantia as supermen.
66:4.2 (744.1)
The serious obstacle to the good influence of such extraplanetary teachers is the tendency of mortals to regard them as gods, but aside from the technique of their appearance on earth the Caligastia one hundred—fifty men and fifty women—did not resort to supernatural methods nor superhuman manipulations.
66:4.5 (744.4)
These one hundred members of the Prince’s staff were divided equally as to sex and in accordance with their previous mortal status. Each person of this group was capable of becoming coparental to some new order of physical being, but they had been carefully instructed to resort to parenthood only under certain conditions. It is customary for the corporeal staff of a Planetary Prince to procreate their successors sometime prior to retiring from special planetary service. Usually this is at, or shortly after, the time of the arrival of the Planetary Adam and Eve.
66:4.6 (744.5)
These special beings therefore had little or no idea as to what type of material creature would be produced by their sexual union. And they never did know; before the time for such a step in the prosecution of their world work the entire regime was upset by rebellion, and those who later functioned in the parental role had been isolated from the life currents of the system.
캘리개스챠 참모진 중에서 물질화된 이 요원들은, 피부 색깔과 언어에서 안돈 종족을 닮았다. 그들은 그 영역의 필사자와 똑같이 음식을 섭취했지만, 다른 점이 있다면:다시 창조된 육체를 입은 이 무리는 육식을 하지 않았다. 이것은 그들이 풍성한 과일과 나무 열매가 있는 따뜻한 지역에 거주하도록 결정한 고려사항들 가운데 하나였다. 고기를 먹지 않고 살아가는 풍습은 캘리개스챠 1백 인 시대부터 시작됐는데, 왜냐하면 이런 관습이, 가깝거나 먼 곳에 퍼져서 둘러싸고 있는 많은 부족, 즉 한때 고기만 먹었던 진화 종족들로부터 기원된 집단들의 식사 습관에 영향을 미쳤기 때문이다.
66:4.7 (744.6)
In skin color and language these materialized members of Caligastia’s staff followed the Andonic race. They partook of food as did the mortals of the realm with this difference: The re-created bodies of this group were fully satisfied by a nonflesh diet. This was one of the considerations which determined their residence in a warm region abounding in fruits and nuts. The practice of subsisting on a nonflesh diet dates from the times of the Caligastia one hundred, for this custom spread near and far to affect the eating habits of many surrounding tribes, groups of origin in the once exclusively meat-eating evolutionary races.
이 집단은, 예루셈에서 임시 시민신분을 누리고 있었으나, 아직 사고 섭리사와 융합되지 못했고, 그들이 자원하고 나서, 하강하는 아들신분 계층들과 연관되는 행성 봉사를 하도록 허락 받았을 때, 그들의 섭리사가 분리됐다. 그러나 이 예루셈 거주자들은 초인적 존재였다--즉 그들은 성장하면서 상승하는 혼을 소유했다. 필사 생명체가 육신 속에 있는 동안, 혼은 배아기{胚芽期} 상태에 있으며;그것은 모론시아 생명체 속에 태어나고(즉 부활되고), 연속되는 모론시아 세계들을 거치면서 성장하는 체험을 한다. 그리고 캘리개스챠 1백 인의 혼은, 일곱 맨션 세계를 점진적으로 체험하는 과정을 지나, 예루셈에서 시민자격 신분을 얻기까지 그렇게 성장했다.
66:4.9 (744.8)
This group, while enjoying provisional citizenship on Jerusem, were as yet unfused with their Thought Adjusters; and when they volunteered and were accepted for planetary service in liaison with the descending orders of sonship, their Adjusters were detached. But these Jerusemites were superhuman beings—they possessed souls of ascendant growth. During the mortal life in the flesh the soul is of embryonic estate; it is born (resurrected) in the morontia life and experiences growth through the successive morontia worlds. And the souls of the Caligastia one hundred had thus expanded through the progressive experiences of the seven mansion worlds to citizenship status on Jerusem.
참모진은, 자신들이 받은 지침을 준수하여, 성교{性交}를 통한 출산에는 참여하지 않았지만, 자신의 신체 구조에 대해 열심히 연구했고, 상상할 수 있는 모든 지적(정신) 단계와 모론시아(혼) 접촉을 면밀히 탐구했다. 그리고 성벽{城壁}이 완성되기 훨씬 전인, 달라마시아에 머물게 된지 33년째 해에, 단족속 집단 중에서 이{2}번과 칠{7}번이, (성교가 아니고 물질적인 것도 아니라고 간주되는) 모론시아 자아가 접촉함에 따라서 부수적으로 일어나는 현상을 우연히 발견했으며;이런 진귀한 체험의 결과로 나타난 존재는, 1차 중도{中道} 피조물 가운데 첫째임이 판명됐다. 이 새 존재는, 행성 참모진과 그 천상의 동역자들 눈에는 똑똑히 보였지만, 다양한 부족의 남녀 인간 눈에는 전혀 보이지 않았다. 행성 왕자의 지시에 따라서, 동일한 존재를 생산하는 데 육체전환 참모진 전체가 참여했고, 선구자 격인 단족속 쌍의 지침에 따라서 모두 성공할 수 있었다. 그렇게 해서 왕자의 참모진은, 결국 5만 명으로 이뤄진 독특한 1차 중도자 단체를 설립하게 됐다.
66:4.10 (744.9)
In conformity to their instructions the staff did not engage in sexual reproduction, but they did painstakingly study their personal constitutions, and they carefully explored every imaginable phase of intellectual (mind) and morontia (soul) liaison. And it was during the thirty-third year of their sojourn in Dalamatia, long before the wall was completed, that number two and number seven of the Danite group accidentally discovered a phenomenon attendant upon the liaison of their morontia selves (supposedly nonsexual and nonmaterial); and the result of this adventure proved to be the first of the primary midway creatures. This new being was wholly visible to the planetary staff and to their celestial associates but was not visible to the men and women of the various human tribes. Upon authority of the Planetary Prince the entire corporeal staff undertook the production of similar beings, and all were successful, following the instructions of the pioneer Danite pair. Thus did the Prince’s staff eventually bring into being the original corps of 50,000 primary midwayers.
66:4.11 (745.1)
These mid-type creatures were of great service in carrying on the affairs of the world’s headquarters. They were invisible to human beings, but the primitive sojourners at Dalamatia were taught about these unseen semispirits, and for ages they constituted the sum total of the spirit world to these evolving mortals.
66:4.12 (745.2)
3. The Caligastia one hundred were personally immortal, or undying. There circulated through their material forms the antidotal complements of the life currents of the system; and had they not lost contact with the life circuits through rebellion, they would have lived on indefinitely until the arrival of a subsequent Son of God, or until their sometime later release to resume the interrupted journey to Havona and Paradise.
66:4.13 (745.3)
These antidotal complements of the Satania life currents were derived from the fruit of the tree of life, a shrub of Edentia which was sent to Urantia by the Most Highs of Norlatiadek at the time of Caligastia’s arrival. In the days of Dalamatia this tree grew in the central courtyard of the temple of the unseen Father, and it was the fruit of the tree of life that enabled the material and otherwise mortal beings of the Prince’s staff to live on indefinitely as long as they had access to it.
66:4.15 (745.5)
It should be explained in this connection that, at the time the one hundred Andonites contributed their human germ plasm to the members of the Prince’s staff, the Life Carriers introduced into their mortal bodies the complement of the system circuits; and thus were they enabled to live on concurrently with the staff, century after century, in defiance of physical death.
66:5.2 (745.8)
1. The council on food and material welfare. This group was presided over by Ang. Food, water, clothes, and the material advancement of the human species were fostered by this able corps. They taught well digging, spring control, and irrigation. They taught those from the higher altitudes and from the north improved methods of treating skins for use as clothing, and weaving was later introduced by the teachers of art and science.
66:5.4 (746.2)
2. The board of animal domestication and utilization. This council was dedicated to the task of selecting and breeding those animals best adapted to help human beings in bearing burdens and transporting themselves, to supply food, and later on to be of service in the cultivation of the soil. This able corps was directed by Bon.
66:5.5 (746.3)
Several types of useful animals, now extinct, were tamed, together with some that have continued as domesticated animals to the present day. Man had long lived with the dog, and the blue man had already been successful in taming the elephant. The cow was so improved by careful breeding as to become a valuable source of food; butter and cheese became common articles of human diet. Men were taught to use oxen for burden bearing, but the horse was not domesticated until a later date. The members of this corps first taught men to use the wheel for the facilitation of traction.
66:5.8 (746.6)
The purpose of an ancient city wall was to protect against ferocious beasts as well as to prevent surprise attacks by hostile humans. Those living without the walls and in the forest were dependent on tree dwellings, stone huts, and the maintenance of night fires. It was therefore very natural that these teachers should devote much time to instructing their pupils in the improvement of human dwellings. By employing improved techniques and by the use of traps, great progress was made in animal subjugation.
4. 지식을 전파하고 보존하는 선생들. 이 집단은, 그 초기 시절에 순수한 교육적 시도를 체계화하고 지휘했다. 횃이 통솔했다. 횃의 교육 방법은 고용을 감독하는 것이었고, 이에 개량된 방법의 교육이 뒤따랐다. 횃은 첫 알파벳을 조직적으로 구성했고, 쓰는 방법을 소개했다. 이 알파벳은 스물다섯 자로 구성됐다. 이런 초기 민족들은, 나무껍질, 진흙 판, 돌 판, 가죽을 망치로 두드려 만든 양피지 형태, 그리고 말벌 집으로 만든 종이처럼 생긴 조잡한 형태의 물질 등을 글 쓰는 재료로 사용했다. 달라마시아에 있던 도서실은, 캘리개스챠가 모반한 직후에 파괴됐는데, 200만 개 이상의 분리된 기록으로 구성됐고, “횃의 집”으로 알려져 있었다.
66:5.9 (746.7)
4. The faculty on dissemination and conservation of knowledge. This group organized and directed the purely educational endeavors of those early ages. It was presided over by Fad. The educational methods of Fad consisted in supervision of employment accompanied by instruction in improved methods of labor. Fad formulated the first alphabet and introduced a writing system. This alphabet contained twenty-five characters. For writing material these early peoples utilized tree barks, clay tablets, stone slabs, a form of parchment made of hammered hides, and a crude form of paperlike material made from wasps’ nests. The Dalamatia library, destroyed soon after the Caligastia disaffection, comprised more than two million separate records and was known as the “house of Fad.”
66:5.10 (746.8)
The blue man was partial to alphabet writing and made the greatest progress along such lines. The red man preferred pictorial writing, while the yellow races drifted into the use of symbols for words and ideas, much like those they now employ. But the alphabet and much more was subsequently lost to the world during the confusion attendant upon rebellion. The Caligastia defection destroyed the hope of the world for a universal language, at least for untold ages.
66:5.11 (747.1)
5. The commission on industry and trade. This council was employed in fostering industry within the tribes and in promoting trade between the various peace groups. Its leader was Nod. Every form of primitive manufacture was encouraged by this corps. They contributed directly to the elevation of standards of living by providing many new commodities to attract the fancy of primitive men. They greatly expanded the trade in the improved salt produced by the council on science and art.
66:5.12 (747.2)
It was among these enlightened groups educated in the Dalamatia schools that the first commercial credit was practiced. From a central exchange of credits they secured tokens which were accepted in lieu of the actual objects of barter. The world did not improve upon these business methods for hundreds of thousands of years.
66:5.13 (747.3)
6. The college of revealed religion. This body was slow in functioning. Urantia civilization was literally forged out between the anvil of necessity and the hammers of fear. But this group had made considerable progress in their attempt to substitute Creator fear for creature fear (ghost worship) before their labors were interrupted by the later confusion attendant upon the secession upheaval. The head of this council was Hap.
66:5.14 (747.4)
None of the Prince’s staff would present revelation to complicate evolution; they presented revelation only as the climax of their exhaustion of the forces of evolution. But Hap did yield to the desire of the inhabitants of the city for the establishment of a form of religious service. His group provided the Dalamatians with the seven chants of worship and also gave them the daily praise-phrase and eventually taught them “the Father’s prayer,” which was:
“만유의 아버지여, 당신의 아들을 우리가 공경하오니, 은혜로 우리를 굽어 살펴 주십시오. 당신 외에는 아무 것도 두려워하지 않도록, 우리를 건져주십시오. 신성한 우리 선생들에게 우리가 기쁨이 되게 하시고, 우리 입술에서 진리가 영원히 떠나지 않게 해주십시오. 사나움과 분노로부터 우리를 구출하시며;우리 어른들과 우리 이웃에 속한 자들을 존경하게 해주십시오. 우리에게 푸른 초장의 계절을 주시고, 우리 마음을 기쁘게 할 다산{多産}의 가축 떼를 주십시오. 우리를 이끌어 올려줄 약속의 사람을 속히 보내주시기를 기도하며, 저 세상의 다른 사람들처럼, 우리도 이 세상에서 당신의 뜻을 이루고자 합니다.”
66:5.15 (747.5)
“Father of all, whose Son we honor, look down upon us with favor. Deliver us from the fear of all save you. Make us a pleasure to our divine teachers and forever put truth on our lips. Deliver us from violence and anger; give us respect for our elders and that which belongs to our neighbors. Give us this season green pastures and fruitful flocks to gladden our hearts. We pray for the hastening of the coming of the promised uplifter, and we would do your will on this world as others do on worlds beyond.”
66:5.18 (747.8)
Its members taught much that was lost during the confusion of subsequent ages, never to be rediscovered until the twentieth century. They taught mankind that cooking, boiling and roasting, was a means of avoiding sickness; also that such cooking greatly reduced infant mortality and facilitated early weaning.
66:5.20 (748.1)
The great obstacle in the way of promoting hygiene among these ignorant peoples consisted in the fact that the real causes of many diseases were too small to be seen by the naked eye, and also because they all held fire in superstitious regard. It required thousands of years to persuade them to burn refuse. In the meantime they were urged to bury their decaying rubbish. The great sanitary advance of this epoch came from the dissemination of knowledge regarding the health-giving and disease-destroying properties of sunlight.
66:5.21 (748.2)
Before the Prince’s arrival, bathing had been an exclusively religious ceremonial. It was indeed difficult to persuade primitive men to wash their bodies as a health practice. Lut finally induced the religious teachers to include cleansing with water as a part of the purification ceremonies to be practiced in connection with the noontime devotions, once a week, in the worship of the Father of all.
66:5.22 (748.3)
These guardians of health also sought to introduce handshaking in substitution for saliva exchange or blood drinking as a seal of personal friendship and as a token of group loyalty. But when out from under the compelling pressure of the teachings of their superior leaders, these primitive peoples were not slow in reverting to their former health-destroying and disease-breeding practices of ignorance and superstition.
66:5.24 (748.5)
Art and science were at a low ebb throughout the world, but the rudiments of physics and chemistry were taught the Dalamatians. Pottery was advanced, decorative arts were all improved, and the ideals of human beauty were greatly enhanced. But music made little progress until after the arrival of the violet race.
66:5.25 (748.6)
These primitive men would not consent to experiment with steam power, notwithstanding the repeated urgings of their teachers; never could they overcome their great fear of the explosive power of confined steam. They were, however, finally persuaded to work with metals and fire, although a piece of red-hot metal was a terrorizing object to early man.
66:5.26 (748.7)
Mek did a great deal to advance the culture of the Andonites and to improve the art of the blue man. A blend of the blue man with the Andon stock produced an artistically gifted type, and many of them became master sculptors. They did not work in stone or marble, but their works of clay, hardened by baking, adorned the gardens of Dalamatia.
66:5.29 (748.10)
These leaders contributed much to bringing about intertribal marriages. They fostered courtship and marriage after due deliberation and full opportunity to become acquainted. The purely military war dances were refined and made to serve valuable social ends. Many competitive games were introduced, but these ancient folk were a serious people; little humor graced these early tribes. Few of these practices survived the subsequent disintegration of planetary insurrection.
텃과 그의 동역자들은, 평화로운 성질의 집단 관계를 육성하기 위하여, 전쟁을 규제하고 인간답게 만들기 위하여, 종족 간 협조 관계를 위하여, 그리고 부족 정부를 개선하기 위하여 많이 노력했다. 달라마시아 근처에서는 더 진보된 문화가 개발됐고, 이렇게 개발된 사회관계는, 멀리 있는 부족들에게 영향을 줘서 많은 도움이 됐다. 그러나 왕자의 본부에서 널리 보급된 문명의 원형{原型}은, 다른 곳에서 진화된 야만적 사회와는 매우 달랐는데, 마치 남 아프리카 케이프타운의 20세기 사회가, 몸집이 작은 북부 부시먼 종족의 미개한 문명과 전적으로 다른 것과 같다.
66:5.30 (749.1)
Tut and his associates labored to promote group associations of a peaceful nature, to regulate and humanize warfare, to co-ordinate intertribal relations, and to improve tribal governments. In the vicinity of Dalamatia there developed a more advanced culture, and these improved social relations were very helpful in influencing more remote tribes. But the pattern of civilization prevailing at the Prince’s headquarters was quite different from the barbaric society evolving elsewhere, just as the twentieth-century society of Capetown, South Africa, is totally unlike the crude culture of the diminutive Bushmen to the north.
66:5.31 (749.2)
10. The supreme court of tribal co-ordination and racial co-operation. This supreme council was directed by Van and was the court of appeals for all of the other nine special commissions charged with the supervision of human affairs. This council was one of wide function, being intrusted with all matters of earthly concern which were not specifically assigned to the other groups. This selected corps had been approved by the Constellation Fathers of Edentia before they were authorized to assume the functions of the supreme court of Urantia.
66:6.2 (749.4)
Slavery to tradition produces stability and co-operation by sentimentally linking the past with the present, but it likewise stifles initiative and enslaves the creative powers of the personality. The whole world was caught in the stalemate of tradition-bound mores when the Caligastia one hundred arrived and began the proclamation of the new gospel of individual initiative within the social groups of that day. But this beneficent rule was so soon interrupted that the races never have been wholly liberated from the slavery of custom; fashion still unduly dominates Urantia.
66:6.3 (749.5)
The Caligastia one hundred—graduates of the Satania mansion worlds—well knew the arts and culture of Jerusem, but such knowledge is nearly valueless on a barbaric planet populated by primitive humans. These wise beings knew better than to undertake the sudden transformation, or the en masse uplifting, of the primitive races of that day. They well understood the slow evolution of the human species, and they wisely refrained from any radical attempts at modifying man’s mode of life on earth.
어떤 민족의 특별한 요청이 있는 경우를 제외하고는, 타민족을 사절{使節}로서 파송하지 않았다. 주어진 부족이나 종족의 증진과 발전을 위하여 일하는 자들은, 반드시 그 부족 또는 종족의 원주민이었다. 그 1백 인은, 아무리 우수한 종족이라도, 그들의 습관이나 사회관행을 다른 부족에게 강요하려고 시도하지 않았다. 그들은 오랜 시간에 걸쳐서 조성된 각 종족의 사회관행을 증진시키고 발전시키기 위해, 항상 끈기 있게 작업했다. 단순한 유란시아 사람들은, 새롭고 더 나은 풍습으로 자신의 사회 관습을 바꾸려고 달라마시아에 온 것이 아니라, 더 높은 문화와 접촉함으로써, 그리고 우수한 정신들과 연합함으로써 자신의 것을 증진시키려고 했다. 그 과정은 느렸지만 매우 효과적이었다.
66:6.5 (749.7)
Foreign emissaries were never sent to a race except upon the specific request of that people. Those who labored for the uplift and advancement of a given tribe or race were always natives of that tribe or race. The one hundred would not attempt to impose the habits and mores of even a superior race upon another tribe. Always they patiently worked to uplift and advance the time-tried mores of each race. The simple folk of Urantia brought their social customs to Dalamatia, not to exchange them for new and better practices, but to have them uplifted by contact with a higher culture and by association with superior minds. The process was slow but very effectual.
달라마시아 선생들은, 생물학적 진화로 생기는 순전히 자연스런 선택에, 의도적인 사회적 선택을 덧붙이려고 애썼다. 그들은 인간 사회에 혼란을 일으키지 않으면서, 그 사회의 정상적이고 자연스런 진화를 현저히 촉진시켰다. 그들의 목적은 진화로 진행하는 것이었고, 계시로 대변혁을 일으키는 것이 아니었다. 인간 종족은 자신이 갖고 있는 미미한 종교와 도덕을 획득하기까지 오랜 세월을 보냈으며, 계몽되고 우수한 존재들이, 퇴보된 종족들을 과도한 교육과 과도한 계몽으로 증진시키고자 할 때에는 반드시 혼돈과 실망스런 일이 발생하는데, 이런 보잘것없는 진보를 인류로부터 빼앗는 것이 좋지 않음을, 이 초인적 존재들은 잘 알았다.
66:6.6 (750.1)
The Dalamatia teachers sought to add conscious social selection to the purely natural selection of biologic evolution. They did not derange human society, but they did markedly accelerate its normal and natural evolution. Their motive was progression by evolution and not revolution by revelation. The human race had spent ages in acquiring the little religion and morals it had, and these supermen knew better than to rob mankind of these few advances by the confusion and dismay which always result when enlightened and superior beings undertake to uplift the backward races by overteaching and overenlightenment.
66:6.7 (750.2)
When Christian missionaries go into the heart of Africa, where sons and daughters are supposed to remain under the control and direction of their parents throughout the lifetime of the parents, they only bring about confusion and the breakdown of all authority when they seek, in a single generation, to supplant this practice by teaching that these children should be free from all parental restraint after they have attained the age of twenty-one.
66:7.1 (750.3)
The Prince’s headquarters, though exquisitely beautiful and designed to awe the primitive men of that age, was altogether modest. The buildings were not especially large as it was the motive of these imported teachers to encourage the eventual development of agriculture through the introduction of animal husbandry. The land provision within the city walls was sufficient to provide for pasturage and gardening for the support of a population of about twenty thousand.
66:7.2 (750.4)
The interiors of the central temple of worship and the ten council mansions of the supervising groups of supermen were indeed beautiful works of art. And while the residential buildings were models of neatness and cleanliness, everything was very simple and altogether primitive in comparison with later-day developments. At this headquarters of culture no methods were employed which did not naturally belong on Urantia.
66:7.4 (750.6)
The definite order of family life and the living of one family together in one residence of comparatively settled location date from these times of Dalamatia and were chiefly due to the example and teachings of the one hundred and their pupils. The home as a social unit never became a success until the supermen and superwomen of Dalamatia led mankind to love and plan for their grandchildren and their grandchildren’s children. Savage man loves his child, but civilized man loves also his grandchild.
66:7.5 (750.7)
The Prince’s staff lived together as fathers and mothers. True, they had no children of their own, but the fifty pattern homes of Dalamatia never sheltered less than five hundred adopted little ones assembled from the superior families of the Andonic and Sangik races; many of these children were orphans. They were favored with the discipline and training of these superparents; and then, after three years in the schools of the Prince (they entered from thirteen to fifteen), they were eligible for marriage and ready to receive their commissions as emissaries of the Prince to the needy tribes of their respective races.
직업학교 식으로 가르치려는 달라마시아 계획을 횃이 후원했는데, 여기서 학생들은 실습을 통해서 배우고, 실습을 통해서 유익한 과제를 매일 실행함으로써 자활{自活}해 나갔다. 이 교육 계획은 성품 발달에서 생각하는 것과 느끼는 것을 무시하지 않았으나, 육체 단련을 첫째로 삼았다. 개별적으로 또는 집단으로 교육했다. 남녀가 같이 학생들을 지도했고, 두 사람이 공동으로 가르쳤다. 이 집단 훈육의 절반은 성별{性別}로 했으며;나머지 절반은 합동으로 교육했다. 학생들은 개별적으로 수공{手工} 기술을 배웠고, 여러 집단이나 반으로 나뉘어 교제했다. 그들은 비교적 나이 어린 집단과 나이 많은 집단 그리고 어른들과 친하게 지내는 훈련을 받았을 뿐만 아니라, 자기와 같은 또래인 자들과 협동 작업을 하는 것도 배웠다. 또한 그들은, 가족 집단, 놀이하는 소집단, 그리고 학급{學級} 같은 연합에도 익숙해졌다.
66:7.6 (751.1)
Fad sponsored the Dalamatia plan of teaching that was carried out as an industrial school in which the pupils learned by doing, and through which they worked their way by the daily performance of useful tasks. This plan of education did not ignore thinking and feeling in the development of character; but it gave first place to manual training. The instruction was individual and collective. The pupils were taught by both men and women and by the two acting conjointly. One half of this group instruction was by sexes; the other half was coeducational. Students were taught manual dexterity as individuals and were socialized in groups or classes. They were trained to fraternize with younger groups, older groups, and adults, as well as to do teamwork with those of their own ages. They were also familiarized with such associations as family groups, play squads, and school classes.
66:7.16 (751.11)
This was the law of Dalamatia for almost three hundred thousand years. And many of the stones on which this law was inscribed now lie beneath the waters off the shores of Mesopotamia and Persia. It became the custom to hold one of these commands in mind for each day of the week, using it for salutations and mealtime thanksgiving.
66:7.17 (751.12)
The time measurement of these days was the lunar month, this period being reckoned as twenty-eight days. That, with the exception of day and night, was the only time reckoning known to the early peoples. The seven-day week was introduced by the Dalamatia teachers and grew out of the fact that seven was one fourth of twenty-eight. The significance of the number seven in the superuniverse undoubtedly afforded them opportunity to introduce a spiritual reminder into the common reckoning of time. But there is no natural origin for the weekly period.
66:7.18 (751.13)
The country around the city was quite well settled within a radius of one hundred miles. Immediately surrounding the city, hundreds of graduates of the Prince’s schools engaged in animal husbandry and otherwise carried out the instruction they had received from his staff and their numerous human helpers. A few engaged in agriculture and horticulture.
죄라고 생각되는 것에 대한 형벌로서, 인류가 농사짓는 고통 속으로 떨어진 것이 아니다. “너희 얼굴에 땀을 흘려야 들의 곡식을 먹을 수 있을 것이라”는 말은, 배반한 캘리개스챠의 지도하에 사람이 루시퍼 반역의 어리석음에 가담했기 때문에 그에 대한 징계로 내려진 벌칙이 아니었다. 땅을 일구는 것은 진화하는 세계에 진보된 문명을 설립하기 위하여 고유하게 있는 것이고, 행성 왕자와 그의 참모진이 유란시아에 온 때부터, 캘리개스챠가 반역자 루시퍼와 함께 운명을 같이 했던 그 비극의 시대 사이에 있었던 30만 년 내내, 이 권면은 그들의 전체 교훈의 핵심이었다. 땅을 일구는 것은 저주가 아니며;오히려 그것은, 모든 인간 활동 중에서 가장 인간적인 것을 누리도록 그렇게 허용된, 모든 인간에게 가장 큰 축복이다.
66:7.19 (751.14)
Mankind was not consigned to agricultural toil as the penalty of supposed sin. “In the sweat of your face shall you eat the fruit of the fields” was not a sentence of punishment pronounced because of man’s participation in the follies of the Lucifer rebellion under the leadership of the traitorous Caligastia. The cultivation of the soil is inherent in the establishment of an advancing civilization on the evolutionary worlds, and this injunction was the center of all teaching of the Planetary Prince and his staff throughout the three hundred thousand years which intervened between their arrival on Urantia and those tragic days when Caligastia threw in his lot with the rebel Lucifer. Work with the soil is not a curse; rather is it the highest blessing to all who are thus permitted to enjoy the most human of all human activities.
66:7.20 (752.1)
At the outbreak of the rebellion, Dalamatia had a resident population of almost six thousand. This number includes the regular students but does not embrace the visitors and observers, who always numbered more than one thousand. But you can have little or no concept of the marvelous progress of those faraway times; practically all of the wonderful human gains of those days were wiped out by the horrible confusion and abject spiritual darkness which followed the Caligastia catastrophe of deception and sedition.
캘리개스챠의 오랜 생애를 돌이켜볼 때, 그의 행위 가운데 주의를 환기시킬만한 한 가지 눈에 띄는 특색을 우리가 발견했는데;그의 극단적인 개인주의였다. 그는 이의를 제기하는 거의 모든 무리를 편드는 경향이 있었고, 비난하기 위해 완곡하게 표현하는 자들에게 대개 공감{共感}했다. 권위에 지배받을 때 가만히 있지 못하고, 통제하는 형태에 대해서는 언제나 완곡하게 반항하는, 이런 경향이 초기에 나타나는 것을 우리는 간파했다. 상부 방침에는 약하게 화내고, 상급 권위 아래서는 약간 반항적이었지만, 그럼에도 어떤 시험이 시행될 때마다, 그는 항상 우주 통치자들에게 충성하고, 성좌 아버지들의 명령에 복종하는 것이 입증됐다. 그가 수치스럽게 유란시아를 배신할 때까지, 어떤 실제 결점도 그에게서 발견되지 않았다.
66:8.1 (752.2)
In looking back over the long career of Caligastia, we find only one outstanding feature of his conduct that might have challenged attention; he was ultraindividualistic. He was inclined to take sides with almost every party of protest, and he was usually sympathetic with those who gave mild expression to implied criticism. We detect the early appearance of this tendency to be restless under authority, to mildly resent all forms of supervision. While slightly resentful of senior counsel and somewhat restive under superior authority, nonetheless, whenever a test had come, he had always proved loyal to the universe rulers and obedient to the mandates of the Constellation Fathers. No real fault was ever found in him up to the time of his shameful betrayal of Urantia.
루시퍼와 캘리개스챠 둘 다, 그들의 비판적 경향, 그리고 자아의 교만함이 미묘하게 전개되고, 이와 관련해서 지나치게 자신을-중요시여기는 것에 관해, 끈기 있는 가르침과 사랑의 경고를 받아왔음에 주목해야한다. 그러나 도와주려했던 이런 모든 노력은, 근거 없는 비판이요 개인의 자유에 대한 정당하지 못한 개입이라고 잘못 오해돼왔다. 캘리개스챠와 루시퍼는 친절하게 충고하는 자들이 몹시 비난받을 만한 의도로 행동한다고 판단했는데, 바로 그 의도가 그들 자신의 왜곡된 생각과 잘못된 계획을 지배하기 시작했다. 그들은 자신 속에서 자라가고 있는 이기심 때문에, 사심 없는 충고자들을 비판했다.
66:8.2 (752.3)
It should be noted that both Lucifer and Caligastia had been patiently instructed and lovingly warned respecting their critical tendencies and the subtle development of their pride of self and its associated exaggeration of the feeling of self-importance. But all of these attempts to help had been misconstrued as unwarranted criticism and as unjustified interference with personal liberties. Both Caligastia and Lucifer judged their friendly advisers as being actuated by the very reprehensible motives which were beginning to dominate their own distorted thinking and misguided planning. They judged their unselfish advisers by their own evolving selfishness.
캘리개스챠 왕자가 도래한 후, 행성의 문명은 상당히 정상적인 방법으로 거의 30만 년 동안 진보했다. 생명-변경 구체가 된 것, 그리고 이로 인한 불안정한 진화로 말미암는 특이한 사건들과 수많은 변칙을 겪을 수밖에 없었던 것을 제외하면, 루시퍼의 반역 및 그와 동시에 일어난 캘리개스챠 배반의 시대가 있기 전까지, 유란시아는 그 행성 경력에서 매우 만족스런 진전을 이뤘다. 차후의 모든 역사는, 후대{後代}에 아담과 이브가 자신의 행성 사명을 완성시키지 못하고 실패했을 뿐만 아니라, 이런 비극적인 큰 실책으로 말미암아 결정적으로 변경됐다.
66:8.3 (752.4)
From the arrival of Prince Caligastia, planetary civilization progressed in a fairly normal manner for almost three hundred thousand years. Aside from being a life-modification sphere and therefore subject to numerous irregularities and unusual episodes of evolutionary fluctuation, Urantia progressed very satisfactorily in its planetary career up to the times of the Lucifer rebellion and the concurrent Caligastia betrayal. All subsequent history has been definitely modified by this catastrophic blunder as well as by the later failure of Adam and Eve to fulfill their planetary mission.
66:8.4 (752.5)
The Prince of Urantia went into darkness at the time of the Lucifer rebellion, thus precipitating the long confusion of the planet. He was subsequently deprived of sovereign authority by the co-ordinate action of the constellation rulers and other universe authorities. He shared the inevitable vicissitudes of isolated Urantia down to the time of Adam’s sojourn on the planet and contributed something to the miscarriage of the plan to uplift the mortal races through the infusion of the lifeblood of the new violet race—the descendants of Adam and Eve.
66:8.5 (753.1)
The power of the fallen Prince to disturb human affairs was enormously curtailed by the mortal incarnation of Machiventa Melchizedek in the days of Abraham; and subsequently, during the life of Michael in the flesh, this traitorous Prince was finally shorn of all authority on Urantia.
유란시아에서 인간 비슷한 마귀에 대한 교리는, 배반하고 사악한 캘리개스챠의 행성 실재에 어느 정도 기초를 뒀더라도, 정상 인간 정신이 자유롭고 자연스런 선택을 하지 못하도록 영향을 줄 수 있는 그런 “마귀”를 가르친다는 점에서, 전적으로 허구다. 심지어 미가엘이 유란시아에 증여되기 전에도, 캘리개스챠나 달리개스챠는 필사자를 억압할 수 없었을 뿐만 아니라, 정상적인 어떤 개인이든지 강제로 인간 의지를 거슬리는 어떤 것을 하도록 만들 수도 결코 없었다. 사람의 자유의지는 도덕적 용건에서 주권을 가지며;내주하는 사고 섭리사조차, 사람 자신의 의지가 선택한 것에 반대하여, 한 번이라도 생각을 바꾸거나, 하나라도 행동하도록 억지로 복종시키려고 하지 않는다.
66:8.6 (753.2)
The doctrine of a personal devil on Urantia, though it had some foundation in the planetary presence of the traitorous and iniquitous Caligastia, was nevertheless wholly fictitious in its teachings that such a “devil” could influence the normal human mind against its free and natural choosing. Even before Michael’s bestowal on Urantia, neither Caligastia nor Daligastia was ever able to oppress mortals or to coerce any normal individual into doing anything against the human will. The free will of man is supreme in moral affairs; even the indwelling Thought Adjuster refuses to compel man to think a single thought or to perform a single act against the choosing of man’s own will.