유란시아 책
III 부. 유란시아의 역사
Paper 65
The Overcontrol of Evolution
The Overcontrol of Evolution
65:0.1 (730.1)
BASIC evolutionary material life—premind life—is the formulation of the Master Physical Controllers and the life-impartation ministry of the Seven Master Spirits in conjunction with the active ministration of the ordained Life Carriers. As a result of the co-ordinate function of this threefold creativity there develops organismal physical capacity for mind—material mechanisms for intelligent reaction to external environmental stimuli and, later on, to internal stimuli, influences taking origin in the organismal mind itself.
65:0.6 (730.6)
The mechanical-nonteachable levels of organismal environmental response are the domains of the physical controllers. The adjutant mind-spirits activate and regulate the adaptative or nonmechanical-teachable types of mind—those response mechanisms of organisms capable of learning from experience. And as the spirit adjutants thus manipulate mind potentials, so do the Life Carriers exercise considerable discretionary control over the environmental aspects of evolutionary processes right up to the time of the appearance of human will—the ability to know God and the power of choosing to worship him.
65:1.1 (730.5)
The Life Carriers are endowed with potentials of personality metamorphosis which but few orders of creatures possess. These Sons of the local universe are capable of functioning in three diverse phases of being. They ordinarily perform their duties as mid-phase Sons, that being the state of their origin. But a Life Carrier in such a stage of existence could not possibly function in the electrochemical domains as a fabricator of physical energies and material particles into units of living existence.
65:1.6 (731.1)
When the Life Carriers make ready to engage in life implantation, and after they have selected the sites for such an undertaking, they summon the archangel commission of Life Carrier transmutation. This group consists of ten orders of diverse personalities, including the physical controllers and their associates, and is presided over by the chief of archangels, who acts in this capacity by the mandate of Gabriel and with the permission of the Ancients of Days. When these beings are properly encircuited, they can effect such modifications in the Life Carriers as will enable them immediately to function on the physical levels of electrochemistry.
65:1.7 (731.2)
After the life patterns have been formulated and the material organizations have been duly completed, the supermaterial forces concerned in life propagation become forthwith active, and life is existent. Whereupon the Life Carriers are immediately returned to their normal mid-phase of personality existence, in which estate they can manipulate the living units and maneuver the evolving organisms, even though they are shorn of all ability to organize—create—new patterns of living matter.
유기체의 진화가 어떤 과정을 마치고, 인간 유형의 자유 의지가 가장 높은 진화 유기체 속에 나타나게 되면, 생명 운반자들은 그 행성을 떠나든지, 아니면 단념하겠다는 서약;곧 유기체 진화 과정에 영향을 끼치려는 어떠한 시도도 더 이상 하지 않겠다는 맹세를 해야 한다. 그리고 그 행성에 남아서, 새롭게 진화된 의지 피조물을 양육하도록 위탁받아서, 앞으로 자문가가 되기로 선택한 생명 운반자들이 그런 자발적 서약을 한 후에, 저녁 별들의 최고책임자가 주재하는 12인 위원단이 소집되는데, 체계 주권자의 권위로, 그리고 가브리엘의 허락을 받아 활동하며;이 생명 운반자들은 셋째 국면의 인격 실존--곧 반{半}영적 존재 수준--으로 즉시 변형된다. 그리고 나는 유란시아에서 안돈과 훤타 시대 이후로 줄곧, 이런 셋째 실존 국면에서 역할을 해왔다.
65:1.8 (731.3)
After organic evolution has run a certain course and free will of the human type has appeared in the highest evolving organisms, the Life Carriers must either leave the planet or take renunciation vows; that is, they must pledge themselves to refrain from all attempts further to influence the course of organic evolution. And when such vows are voluntarily taken by those Life Carriers who choose to remain on the planet as future advisers to those who shall be intrusted with the fostering of the newly evolved will creatures, there is summoned a commission of twelve, presided over by the chief of the Evening Stars, acting by authority of the System Sovereign and with permission of Gabriel; and forthwith these Life Carriers are transmuted to the third phase of personality existence—the semispiritual level of being. And I have functioned on Urantia in this third phase of existence ever since the times of Andon and Fonta.
65:2.1 (731.5)
The story of man’s ascent from seaweed to the lordship of earthly creation is indeed a romance of biologic struggle and mind survival. Man’s primordial ancestors were literally the slime and ooze of the ocean bed in the sluggish and warm-water bays and lagoons of the vast shore lines of the ancient inland seas, those very waters in which the Life Carriers established the three independent life implantations on Urantia.
65:2.2 (731.6)
Very few species of the early types of marine vegetation that participated in those epochal changes which resulted in the animallike borderland organisms are in existence today. The sponges are the survivors of one of these early midway types, those organisms through which the gradual transition from the vegetable to the animal took place. These early transition forms, while not identical with modern sponges, were much like them; they were true borderline organisms—neither vegetable nor animal—but they eventually led to the development of the true animal forms of life.
65:2.3 (732.1)
The bacteria, simple vegetable organisms of a very primitive nature, are very little changed from the early dawn of life; they even exhibit a degree of retrogression in their parasitic behavior. Many of the fungi also represent a retrograde movement in evolution, being plants which have lost their chlorophyll-making ability and have become more or less parasitic. The majority of disease-causing bacteria and their auxiliary virus bodies really belong to this group of renegade parasitic fungi. During the intervening ages all of the vast kingdom of plant life has evolved from ancestors from which the bacteria have also descended.
65:2.4 (732.2)
The higher protozoan type of animal life soon appeared, and appeared suddenly. And from these far-distant times the ameba, the typical single-celled animal organism, has come on down but little modified. He disports himself today much as he did when he was the last and greatest achievement in life evolution. This minute creature and his protozoan cousins are to the animal creation what bacteria are to the plant kingdom; they represent the survival of the first early evolutionary steps in life differentiation together with failure of subsequent development.
오래지 않아서, 초기 단세포 동물 유형들이 처음에는 볼복스 모양으로, 그리고 곧 히드라와 해파리 계통을 따라서, 서로 군{群}을 이뤄 결합했다. 훨씬 뒤에는, 불가사리, 돌백합, 성게, 해삼, 지네, 곤충, 거미, 갑각류, 그리고 밀접하게 관련된 지렁이와 거머리류{類}로 진화했고, 연체동물이--곧 굴과 낙지와 달팽이가-- 그 뒤를 이었다. 수백 가지 종{種}이 중간에 나타났다가 사라졌으며;길고 긴 투쟁 속에서 살아남은 것들만 여기에 언급하고 있다. 그런 진보되지 못한 표본들은, 나중에 나타난 물고기 과{科}와 함께, 오늘날 정체된 유형의 초기 하등동물을 대표하고, 이것들은 생명체 파생 계통에서 진보하지 못한 부문들이다.
65:2.5 (732.3)
Before long the early single-celled animal types associated themselves in communities, first on the plan of the Volvox and presently along the lines of the Hydra and jellyfish. Still later there evolved the starfish, stone lilies, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, centipedes, insects, spiders, crustaceans, and the closely related groups of earthworms and leeches, soon followed by the mollusks—the oyster, octopus, and snail. Hundreds upon hundreds of species intervened and perished; mention is made only of those which survived the long, long struggle. Such nonprogressive specimens, together with the later appearing fish family, today represent the stationary types of early and lower animals, branches of the tree of life which failed to progress.
65:2.6 (732.4)
The stage was thus set for the appearance of the first backboned animals, the fishes. From this fish family there sprang two unique modifications, the frog and the salamander. And it was the frog which began that series of progressive differentiations in animal life that finally culminated in man himself.
65:2.7 (732.5)
The frog is one of the earliest of surviving human-race ancestors, but it also failed to progress, persisting today much as in those remote times. The frog is the only species ancestor of the early dawn races now living on the face of the earth. The human race has no surviving ancestry between the frog and the Eskimo.
65:2.10 (732.8)
The kingdom of reptiles, descended from the frog family, is today represented by four surviving divisions: two nonprogressive, snakes and lizards, together with their cousins, alligators and turtles; one partially progressive, the bird family, and the fourth, the ancestors of mammals and the direct line of descent of the human species. But though long departed, the massiveness of the passing Reptilia found echo in the elephant and mastodon, while their peculiar forms were perpetuated in the leaping kangaroos.
65:2.12 (733.2)
It was from an agile little reptilian dinosaur of carnivorous habits but having a comparatively large brain that the placental mammals suddenly sprang. These mammals developed rapidly and in many different ways, not only giving rise to the common modern varieties but also evolving into marine types, such as whales and seals, and into air navigators like the bat family.
65:2.13 (733.3)
Man thus evolved from the higher mammals derived principally from the western implantation of life in the ancient east-west sheltered seas. The eastern and central groups of living organisms were early progressing favorably toward the attainment of prehuman levels of animal existence. But as the ages passed, the eastern focus of life emplacement failed to attain a satisfactory level of intelligent prehuman status, having suffered such repeated and irretrievable losses of its highest types of germ plasm that it was forever shorn of the power to rehabilitate human potentialities.
65:2.14 (733.4)
Since the quality of the mind capacity for development in this eastern group was so definitely inferior to that of the other two groups, the Life Carriers, with the consent of their superiors, so manipulated the environment as further to circumscribe these inferior prehuman strains of evolving life. To all outward appearances the elimination of these inferior groups of creatures was accidental, but in reality it was altogether purposeful.
65:2.15 (733.5)
Later in the evolutionary unfolding of intelligence, the lemur ancestors of the human species were far more advanced in North America than in other regions; and they were therefore led to migrate from the arena of western life implantation over the Bering land bridge and down the coast to southwestern Asia, where they continued to evolve and to benefit by the addition of certain strains of the central life group. Man thus evolved out of certain western and central life strains but in the central to near-eastern regions.
65:2.16 (733.6)
In this way the life that was planted on Urantia evolved until the ice age, when man himself first appeared and began his eventful planetary career. And this appearance of primitive man on earth during the ice age was not just an accident; it was by design. The rigors and climatic severity of the glacial era were in every way adapted to the purpose of fostering the production of a hardy type of human being with tremendous survival endowment.
65:3.1 (733.7)
It will hardly be possible to explain to the present-day human mind many of the queer and apparently grotesque occurrences of early evolutionary progress. A purposeful plan was functioning throughout all of these seemingly strange evolutions of living things, but we are not allowed arbitrarily to interfere with the development of the life patterns after they have once been set in operation.
65:3.2 (733.8)
Life Carriers may employ every possible natural resource and may utilize any and all fortuitous circumstances which will enhance the developmental progress of the life experiment, but we are not permitted mechanically to intervene in, or arbitrarily to manipulate the conduct and course of, either plant or animal evolution.
원시 개구리를 발전시키는 방식으로 유란시아 필사자들이 진화했다는 것과, 향상하는 이 혈통이 한 마리의 개구리 속에 잠재되어 간직된 채, 어떤 경우에 가까스로 멸종을 피했다는 것을 너희에게 알려줬다. 그러나 이런 전환기에 우연히 인류의 진화가 중단될 수 있었다고 추론해서는 안 된다. 바로 그 순간에, 우리는 1,000가지 이상의 서로 다른, 그리고 먼 훗날에 나타나게 될, 돌연변이 생명체 혈통을 예의 주시하면서 육성하고 있었는데, 선행인류로 진보할 수 있는 다양한 다른 원형이 되도록 이것들을 유도할 수 있었다. 특유의 이 개구리 조상은 우리가 세 번째로 택한 것이었고, 그전에 택했던 두 생명체 혈통은, 보존하기 위하여 우리가 각별히 수고했음에도 소멸되고 말았다.
65:3.3 (733.9)
You have been informed that Urantia mortals evolved by way of primitive frog development, and that this ascending strain, carried in potential in a single frog, narrowly escaped extinction on a certain occasion. But it should not be inferred that the evolution of mankind would have been terminated by an accident at this juncture. At that very moment we were observing and fostering no less than one thousand different and remotely situated mutating strains of life which could have been directed into various different patterns of prehuman development. This particular ancestral frog represented our third selection, the two prior life strains having perished in spite of all our efforts toward their conservation.
65:3.4 (734.1)
Even the loss of Andon and Fonta before they had offspring, though delaying human evolution, would not have prevented it. Subsequent to the appearance of Andon and Fonta and before the mutating human potentials of animal life were exhausted, there evolved no less than seven thousand favorable strains which could have achieved some sort of human type of development. And many of these better stocks were subsequently assimilated by the various branches of the expanding human species.
65:3.5 (734.2)
Long before the Material Son and Daughter, the biologic uplifters, arrive on a planet, the human potentials of the evolving animal species have been exhausted. This biologic status of animal life is disclosed to the Life Carriers by the phenomenon of the third phase of adjutant spirit mobilization, which automatically occurs concomitantly with the exhaustion of the capacity of all animal life to give origin to the mutant potentials of prehuman individuals.
유란시아에서 인류는, 자체의 인간 혈통으로 필사자의 발달 문제를 해결해야한다--즉 앞으로 영원히, 선행인류의 근원으로부터 어떤 인종도 진화하여 나타나지 않을 것이다. 그러나 이 사실이, 필사자 인종에게 여전히 내재하는 진화 잠재력을 총명하게 육성함으로써, 매우 높은 수준의 인류 발달을 달성할 가능성까지 배제하지는 않는다. 인간 의지가 나타나기 전에 생명체 혈통을 조성하고 보존하는 방향으로, 생명 운반자인 우리가 하던 일을, 그런 사건이 있은 후에는, 그리고 우리가 능동적으로 진화에 참여하던 상태로부터 물러난 후에는, 사람이 스스로 해야 한다. 일반적으로, 사람의 진화 운명은 사람에게 달려있고, 통제되지 않는 자연 도태와 우연한 생존이 닥치는 대로 작용하는 것을, 과학적 지성이 조만간 대신해야한다.
65:3.6 (734.3)
Mankind on Urantia must solve its problems of mortal development with the human stocks it has—no more races will evolve from prehuman sources throughout all future time. But this fact does not preclude the possibility of the attainment of vastly higher levels of human development through the intelligent fostering of the evolutionary potentials still resident in the mortal races. That which we, the Life Carriers, do toward fostering and conserving the life strains before the appearance of human will, man must do for himself after such an event and subsequent to our retirement from active participation in evolution. In a general way, man’s evolutionary destiny is in his own hands, and scientific intelligence must sooner or later supersede the random functioning of uncontrolled natural selection and chance survival.
그리고 진화의 촉진에 대해 논의하면서, 앞으로 있을 먼 훗날에 너희가 어느 날 생명 운반자 단체에 배속되면, 생명체를 관리하고 이식{移植}시키는 계획과 기법에서 가능한 모든 개선책을 조성하고 제안할 수 있는 기회를, 엄청나게 많이 갖게 될 것임을 이야기해주는 것도 과히 나쁘지 않을 것이다. 느긋한 마음을 품어라! 너희가 좋은 생각을 갖고 있다면, 어떤 우주 영역에 대해서든지, 더 나은 방법으로 경영할 수 있는 더 나은 방법을 너희 정신 속에 풍부하게 갖고 있다면, 너희는 동역자들과 동료 경영자들에게 그것을 제시할 수 있는 기회를 반드시 가질 것이다.
65:3.7 (734.4)
And in discussing the fostering of evolution, it would not be amiss to point out that, in the long future ahead, when you may sometime be attached to a corps of Life Carriers, you will have abundant and ample opportunity to offer suggestions and make any possible improvements in the plans and technique of life management and transplantation. Be patient! If you have good ideas, if your minds are fertile with better methods of administration for any part of the universal domains, you are certainly going to have an opportunity to present them to your associates and fellow administrators in the ages to come.
65:4.1 (734.5)
Do not overlook the fact that Urantia was assigned to us as a life-experiment world. On this planet we made our sixtieth attempt to modify and, if possible, improve the Satania adaptation of the Nebadon life designs, and it is of record that we achieved numerous beneficial modifications of the standard life patterns. To be specific, on Urantia we worked out and have satisfactorily demonstrated not less than twenty-eight features of life modification which will be of service to all Nebadon throughout all future time.
65:4.2 (735.1)
But the establishment of life on no world is ever experimental in the sense that something untried and unknown is attempted. The evolution of life is a technique ever progressive, differential, and variable, but never haphazard, uncontrolled, nor wholly experimental, in the accidental sense.
인간의 생명 현상은, 필사자 실존이 지성적으로 계획됐다는 증거, 즉 유기체의 진화가 시공우주에서 단순히 우연한 사건이 아니라는 증거를 풍성하게 제공한다. 살아있는 세포가 상처를 입으면, 그 세포는 인접 정상 세포들을 자극하고 활성화시키는 어떤 화학 물질을 만들어내는 역량을 소유하고 있어서, 정상 세포들은 상처 치료 과정을 촉진시키는 어떤 물질을 즉시 분비하기 시작하며;동시에 이 정상적이고 상처받지 않은 세포들이 빠른 속도로 증식 된다--곧 이 세포들은, 사고로 파괴된 어떤 동류 세포든지 대체할 수 있는 새 세포를 만들어내는 일을 실제로 시작한다.
65:4.3 (735.2)
Many features of human life afford abundant evidence that the phenomenon of mortal existence was intelligently planned, that organic evolution is not a mere cosmic accident. When a living cell is injured, it possesses the ability to elaborate certain chemical substances which are empowered so to stimulate and activate the neighboring normal cells that they immediately begin the secretion of certain substances which facilitate healing processes in the wound; and at the same time these normal and uninjured cells begin to proliferate—they actually start to work creating new cells to replace any fellow cells which may have been destroyed by the accident.
65:4.4 (735.3)
This chemical action and reaction concerned in wound healing and cell reproduction represents the choice of the Life Carriers of a formula embracing over one hundred thousand phases and features of possible chemical reactions and biologic repercussions. More than half a million specific experiments were made by the Life Carriers in their laboratories before they finally settled upon this formula for the Urantia life experiment.
65:4.7 (735.6)
There were many unique features of the Urantia life experiment, but the two outstanding episodes were the appearance of the Andonic race prior to the evolution of the six colored peoples and the later simultaneous appearance of the Sangik mutants in a single family. Urantia is the first world in Satania where the six colored races sprang from the same human family. They ordinarily arise in diversified strains from independent mutations within the prehuman animal stock and usually appear on earth one at a time and successively over long periods of time, beginning with the red man and passing on down through the colors to indigo.
65:4.8 (735.7)
Another outstanding variation of procedure was the late arrival of the Planetary Prince. As a rule, the prince appears on a planet about the time of will development; and if such a plan had been followed, Caligastia might have come to Urantia even during the lifetimes of Andon and Fonta instead of almost five hundred thousand years later, simultaneously with the appearance of the six Sangik races.
65:4.9 (735.8)
On an ordinary inhabited world a Planetary Prince would have been granted on the request of the Life Carriers at, or sometime after, the appearance of Andon and Fonta. But Urantia having been designated a life-modification planet, it was by preagreement that the Melchizedek observers, twelve in number, were sent as advisers to the Life Carriers and as overseers of the planet until the subsequent arrival of the Planetary Prince. These Melchizedeks came at the time Andon and Fonta made the decisions which enabled Thought Adjusters to indwell their mortal minds.
65:4.10 (736.1)
On Urantia the endeavors of the Life Carriers to improve the Satania life patterns necessarily resulted in the production of many apparently useless forms of transition life. But the gains already accrued are sufficient to justify the Urantia modifications of the standard life designs.
65:4.11 (736.2)
It was our intention to produce an early manifestation of will in the evolutionary life of Urantia, and we succeeded. Ordinarily, will does not emerge until the colored races have long been in existence, usually first appearing among the superior types of the red man. Your world is the only planet in Satania where the human type of will has appeared in a precolored race.
65:4.12 (736.3)
But in our effort to provide for that combination and association of inheritance factors which finally gave rise to the mammalian ancestors of the human race, we were confronted with the necessity of permitting hundreds and thousands of other and comparatively useless combinations and associations of inheritance factors to take place. Many of these seemingly strange by-products of our efforts are certain to meet your gaze as you dig back into the planetary past, and I can well understand how puzzling some of these things must be to the limited human viewpoint.
그러나 이 모든 생물학적 모험에서 우리에게 가장 큰 실망은, 예상치 못할 정도로 광범하게 특정 원시 식물 생명체가 퇴화되어, 엽록소 수준의 기생{寄生} 박테리아로 변한 사실에서 비롯됐다. 식물 생명체 진화에서 일어난, 예측하지 못한 이 결말이, 고등 포유동물에게 많은 괴로운 질병을 유발시켰고, 특히 취약한 인간 종족들에게 심했다. 이런 난처한 상황에 우리가 직면했을 때, 우리는 나중에 아담 생명 원형질이 섞임으로써, 그 결과로 나타나는 혼혈 인종의 저항 능력이 보강되어, 식물 유형 유기체가 일으키는 모든 질병에 대해 실질적 면역성을 지니게 할 것임을 알았으므로, 복잡한 어려움에 대해 어느 정도 위로받을 수 있었다. 그러나 우리의 희망은, 아담이 직무에 태만했던 불행 때문에 실망할 운명에 놓이게 됐다.
65:5.2 (736.5)
But throughout all of this biologic adventure our greatest disappointment grew out of the reversion of certain primitive plant life to the prechlorophyll levels of parasitic bacteria on such an extensive and unexpected scale. This eventuality in plant-life evolution caused many distressful diseases in the higher mammals, particularly in the more vulnerable human species. When we were confronted with this perplexing situation, we somewhat discounted the difficulties involved because we knew that the subsequent admixture of the Adamic life plasm would so reinforce the resisting powers of the resulting blended race as to make it practically immune to all diseases produced by the vegetable type of organism. But our hopes were doomed to disappointment owing to the misfortune of the Adamic default.
65:5.3 (736.6)
The universe of universes, including this small world called Urantia, is not being managed merely to meet our approval nor just to suit our convenience, much less to gratify our whims and satisfy our curiosity. The wise and all-powerful beings who are responsible for universe management undoubtedly know exactly what they are about; and so it becomes Life Carriers and behooves mortal minds to enlist in patient waiting and hearty co-operation with the rule of wisdom, the reign of power, and the march of progress.
65:5.4 (736.7)
There are, of course, certain compensations for tribulation, such as Michael’s bestowal on Urantia. But irrespective of all such considerations, the later celestial supervisors of this planet express complete confidence in the ultimate evolutionary triumph of the human race and in the eventual vindication of our original plans and life patterns.
움직이는 물체의 속도와 세밀한 위치를 동시에 정확하게 측정하기는 불가능하며;어느 하나를 측정하려고 시도하는 즉시 다른 쪽은 필연적으로 변하게 돼있다. 필사적 사람이 원형질을 화학적으로 분석할 때에도 똑같은 종류의 모순에 봉착한다. 화학자{化學者}가 죽은 원형질의 화학적 성질을 밝혀낼 수는 있지만, 살아있는 원형질의 물리적 조직이나 역동적{力動的} 실행은 식별할 수 없다. 과학자가 생명의 비밀에 계속 가까이 접근해 갈 수는 있어도, 생명을 분석하기 위해서는 원형질을 죽여야만 하는 그 이유 때문에, 생명을 영원히 발견할 수 없을 것이다. 죽은 원형질과 살아있는 원형질은 무게가 똑같지만, 이 둘은 똑같지 않다.
65:6.1 (737.1)
It is impossible accurately to determine, simultaneously, the exact location and the velocity of a moving object; any attempt at measurement of either inevitably involves change in the other. The same sort of a paradox confronts mortal man when he undertakes the chemical analysis of protoplasm. The chemist can elucidate the chemistry of dead protoplasm, but he cannot discern either the physical organization or the dynamic performance of living protoplasm. Ever will the scientist come nearer and nearer the secrets of life, but never will he find them and for no other reason than that he must kill protoplasm in order to analyze it. Dead protoplasm weighs the same as living protoplasm, but it is not the same.
65:6.2 (737.2)
There is original endowment of adaptation in living things and beings. In every living plant or animal cell, in every living organism—material or spiritual—there is an insatiable craving for the attainment of ever-increasing perfection of environmental adjustment, organismal adaptation, and augmented life realization. These interminable efforts of all living things evidence the existence within them of an innate striving for perfection.
65:6.3 (737.3)
The most important step in plant evolution was the development of chlorophyll-making ability, and the second greatest advance was the evolution of the spore into the complex seed. The spore is most efficient as a reproductive agent, but it lacks the potentials of variety and versatility inherent in the seed.
고등 동물 유형의 진화에서 가장 유용하고 복잡한 사건 가운데 하나는, 순환하는 혈액 세포 속에 있는 철분이, 산소를 운반해주고 이산화탄소를 제거시키는 이중 역할을 하는 역량이 개발된 것이었다. 그리고 적혈구 세포의 이런 성능은, 변화하거나 바뀌는 환경에, 진화하는 유기체들이 자체 기능을 어떻게 적응시킬 수 있었는지 보여준다. 사람을 포함해서 고등 동물은, 적혈구 세포에 들어있는 철분의 작용으로 조직체에 산소를 공급하며, 이 적혈구는 살아있는 세포에 산소를 가져다주는 것과 마찬가지로, 이산화탄소를 효과적으로 제거해준다. 그러나 다른 금속 성분도 똑같은 목적에 사용될 수 있다. 오징어 속에는 이런 기능을 위하여 동{銅} 성분이 들어있고, 멍게는 바나듐을 이용한다.
65:6.4 (737.4)
One of the most serviceable and complex episodes in the evolution of the higher types of animals consisted in the development of the ability of the iron in the circulating blood cells to perform in the double role of oxygen carrier and carbon dioxide remover. And this performance of the red blood cells illustrates how evolving organisms are able to adapt their functions to varying or changing environment. The higher animals, including man, oxygenate their tissues by the action of the iron of the red blood cells, which carries oxygen to the living cells and just as efficiently removes the carbon dioxide. But other metals can be made to serve the same purpose. The cuttlefish employs copper for this function, and the sea squirt utilizes vanadium.
65:6.5 (737.5)
The continuation of such biologic adjustments is illustrated by the evolution of teeth in the higher Urantia mammals; these attained to thirty-six in man’s remote ancestors, and then began an adaptative readjustment toward thirty-two in the dawn man and his near relatives. Now the human species is slowly gravitating toward twenty-eight. The process of evolution is still actively and adaptatively in progress on this planet.
65:6.6 (737.6)
But many seemingly mysterious adjustments of living organisms are purely chemical, wholly physical. At any moment of time, in the blood stream of any human being there exists the possibility of upward of 15,000,000 chemical reactions between the hormone output of a dozen ductless glands.
65:6.7 (737.7)
The lower forms of plant life are wholly responsive to physical, chemical, and electrical environment. But as the scale of life ascends, one by one the mind ministries of the seven adjutant spirits become operative, and the mind becomes increasingly adjustive, creative, co-ordinative, and dominative. The ability of animals to adapt themselves to air, water, and land is not a supernatural endowment, but it is a superphysical adjustment.
65:6.8 (738.1)
Physics and chemistry alone cannot explain how a human being evolved out of the primeval protoplasm of the early seas. The ability to learn, memory and differential response to environment, is the endowment of mind. The laws of physics are not responsive to training; they are immutable and unchanging. The reactions of chemistry are not modified by education; they are uniform and dependable. Aside from the presence of the Unqualified Absolute, electrical and chemical reactions are predictable. But mind can profit from experience, can learn from reactive habits of behavior in response to repetition of stimuli.
65:6.10 (738.3)
The physical brain with its associated nervous system possesses innate capacity for response to mind ministry just as the developing mind of a personality possesses a certain innate capacity for spirit receptivity and therefore contains the potentials of spiritual progress and attainment. Intellectual, social, moral, and spiritual evolution are dependent on the mind ministry of the seven adjutant spirits and their superphysical associates.
65:7.1 (738.4)
The seven adjutant mind-spirits are the versatile mind ministers to the lower intelligent existences of a local universe. This order of mind is ministered from the local universe headquarters or from some world connected therewith, but there is influential direction of lower-mind function from the system capitals.
진화 세계에서는, 이런 일곱 보조체에 많이, 매우 많이 의존한다. 그러나 이 보조체들은 정신 사역자이며;생명 운반자들의 영역인 물리적 진화에는 관여하지 않는다. 그럼에도 생명 운반자들이 전개하는 선천적 체제의 예정된 자연 과정과 이 영 천부재능들이 완전하게 통합된 것은, 정신 현상에서 자연의 지배력 외에, 그리고 자연스런 과정의 외부작업 외에, 필사자가 왜 아무것도 식별할 수 없는지 설명하며, 하지만 물질과 관련 있는 정신의 자연스런 반응과 관련된 모든 것을 각각 설명하려할 때, 너희는 때때로 어느 정도 당황하기도 한다. 그리고 유란시아가 원래의 계획과 좀 더 일치되도록 운영되고 있었다면, 너희는 정신 현상에서 눈길을 끄는 것을 무척 적게 발견했을지도 모른다.
65:7.2 (738.5)
On an evolutionary world much, very much, depends on the work of these seven adjutants. But they are mind ministers; they are not concerned in physical evolution, the domain of the Life Carriers. Nevertheless, the perfect integration of these spirit endowments with the ordained and natural procedure of the unfolding and inherent regime of the Life Carriers is responsible for the mortal inability to discern, in the phenomenon of mind, aught but the hand of nature and the outworking of natural processes, albeit you are occasionally somewhat perplexed in explaining all of everything connected with the natural reactions of mind as it is associated with matter. And if Urantia were operating more in accordance with the original plans, you would observe even less to arrest your attention in the phenomenon of mind.
65:7.3 (738.6)
The seven adjutant spirits are more circuitlike than entitylike, and on ordinary worlds they are encircuited with other adjutant functionings throughout the local universe. On life-experiment planets, however, they are relatively isolated. And on Urantia, owing to the unique nature of the life patterns, the lower adjutants experienced far more difficulty in contacting with the evolutionary organisms than would have been the case in a more standardized type of life endowment.
65:7.4 (738.7)
Again, on an average evolutionary world the seven adjutant spirits are far better synchronized with the advancing stages of animal development than they were on Urantia. With but a single exception, the adjutants experienced the greatest difficulty in contacting with the evolving minds of Urantia organisms that they had ever had in all their functioning throughout the universe of Nebadon. On this world there developed many forms of border phenomena—confusional combinations of the mechanical-nonteachable and the nonmechanical-teachable types of organismal response.
65:7.6 (739.2)
The acquisition of the potential of the ability to learn from experience marks the beginning of the functioning of the adjutant spirits, and they function from the lowliest minds of primitive and invisible existences up to the highest types in the evolutionary scale of human beings. They are the source and pattern for the otherwise more or less mysterious behavior and incompletely understood quick reactions of mind to the material environment. Long must these faithful and always dependable influences carry forward their preliminary ministry before the animal mind attains the human levels of spirit receptivity.
65:7.7 (739.3)
The adjutants function exclusively in the evolution of experiencing mind up to the level of the sixth phase, the spirit of worship. At this level there occurs that inevitable overlapping of ministry—the phenomenon of the higher reaching down to co-ordinate with the lower in anticipation of subsequent attainment of advanced levels of development. And still additional spirit ministry accompanies the action of the seventh and last adjutant, the spirit of wisdom. Throughout the ministry of the spirit world the individual never experiences abrupt transitions of spirit co-operation; always are these changes gradual and reciprocal.
65:7.8 (739.4)
Always should the domains of the physical (electrochemical) and the mental response to environmental stimuli be differentiated, and in turn must they all be recognized as phenomena apart from spiritual activities. The domains of physical, mental, and spiritual gravity are distinct realms of cosmic reality, notwithstanding their intimate interrelations.
진화로 생명체를 발달시키는 변천을 일으키는 데 너무 많은 시간이 소요된다는 사실이 당황스럽다면, 한 행성의 물리적 변형이 허용하는 것보다 조금이라도 빨리 생명체 과정을 펼치도록 시간을 맞출 수 없다고 나는 말할 것이다. 우리는 한 행성이 자연스럽게 물리적으로 개발되기를 기다려야하며;지질학적 진화에 대해서는 우리가 전혀 통제할 수 없다. 만일 물리적 조건이 허용한다면, 우리는 100만 년보다 훨씬 짧은 기간에 생명체 진화가 완성되도록 조치할 수 있었다. 그러나 우리는 모두, 낙원의 최상급 통치자들의 관할권 아래 있고, 낙원에는 시간이 존재하지 않는다.
65:8.2 (739.6)
If spending so much time in effecting the evolutionary changes of life development occasions perplexity, I would say that we cannot time the life processes to unfold any faster than the physical metamorphoses of a planet will permit. We must wait upon the natural, physical development of a planet; we have absolutely no control over geologic evolution. If the physical conditions would allow, we could arrange for the completed evolution of life in considerably less than one million years. But we are all under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Rulers of Paradise, and time is nonexistent on Paradise.
65:8.3 (739.7)
The individual’s yardstick for time measurement is the length of his life. All creatures are thus time conditioned, and therefore do they regard evolution as being a long-drawn-out process. To those of us whose life span is not limited by a temporal existence, evolution does not seem to be such a protracted transaction. On Paradise, where time is nonexistent, these things are all present in the mind of Infinity and the acts of Eternity.
정신의 진화가 물리적 조건의 느린 발달에 의존하고 그것 때문에 늦어지듯이, 영적 진보는 정신의 확장에 의존하고 지능의 발달 지연 때문에 반드시 늦어진다. 그러나 이것은, 영적 진화가 교육이나 문화 또는 지혜에 달려있음을 의미하지는 않는다. 혼은 정신 문화에 상관없이 진보할지 모르지만, 하늘에 계신 아버지의 뜻을 행하고자 하는 정신의 수용력과 열망이 없을 때--곧 생존을 선택하고, 늘-증가하는 완벽성을 성취하려는 결정이 없을 때--에는 불가능하다. 생존은 지식과 지혜를 소유했느냐에 좌우되지 않을지 몰라도, 진행과정은 아주 분명하게 좌우된다.
65:8.4 (739.8)
As mind evolution is dependent on, and delayed by, the slow development of physical conditions, so is spiritual progress dependent on mental expansion and unfailingly delayed by intellectual retardation. But this does not mean that spiritual evolution is dependent on education, culture, or wisdom. The soul may evolve regardless of mental culture but not in the absence of mental capacity and desire—the choice of survival and the decision to achieve ever-increasing perfection—to do the will of the Father in heaven. Although survival may not depend on the possession of knowledge and wisdom, progression most certainly does.
65:8.5 (740.1)
In the cosmic evolutionary laboratories mind is always dominant over matter, and spirit is ever correlated with mind. Failure of these diverse endowments to synchronize and co-ordinate may cause time delays, but if the individual really knows God and desires to find him and become like him, then survival is assured regardless of the handicaps of time. Physical status may handicap mind, and mental perversity may delay spiritual attainment, but none of these obstacles can defeat the whole-souled choice of will.
65:8.6 (740.2)
When physical conditions are ripe, sudden mental evolutions may take place; when mind status is propitious, sudden spiritual transformations may occur; when spiritual values receive proper recognition, then cosmic meanings become discernible, and increasingly the personality is released from the handicaps of time and delivered from the limitations of space.