Knjiga Urantije
DIO III. Povijest Urantije
POGLAVLJE 78 : LJUBIČASTA RASA NAKON ADAMA
Paper 78
The Violet Race After the Days of Adam
The Violet Race After the Days of Adam
DRUGI Eden bio je kolijevka civilizacije gotovo trideset tisuća godina. Ondje su u Mezopotamiji adamitski narodi djelovali i širili svoje potomstvo do krajeva zemlje, a kasnije su, nakon miješanja s noditskim i sangiškim plemenima, bili poznati kao Anditi. Iz tog su područja potekli oni muškarci i žene koji su pokrenuli zbivanja povijesnih vremena i koji su uvelike ubrzali kulturni napredak na Urantiji.
78:0.1 (868.1)
THE second Eden was the cradle of civilization for almost thirty thousand years. Here in Mesopotamia the Adamic peoples held forth, sending out their progeny to the ends of the earth, and latterly, as amalgamated with the Nodite and Sangik tribes, were known as the Andites. From this region went those men and women who initiated the doings of historic times, and who have so enormously accelerated cultural progress on Urantia.
Ovaj prikaz iznosi planetarnu povijest ljubičaste rase, počevši nedugo nakon Adamova propusta, oko 35.000 pr. Kr., i prati je kroz razdoblje njezina miješanja s noditskim i sangiškim rasama, oko 15.000 pr. Kr., kada nastaju Anditi, pa sve do njezina konačnog nestanka iz mezopotamskih pradomovina, oko 2000. pr. Kr.
78:0.2 (868.2)
This paper depicts the planetary history of the violet race, beginning soon after the default of Adam, about 35,000 b.c., and extending down through its amalgamation with the Nodite and Sangik races, about 15,000 b.c., to form the Andite peoples and on to its final disappearance from the Mesopotamian homelands, about 2000 b.c.
78:1.1 (868.3)
Although the minds and morals of the races were at a low level at the time of Adam’s arrival, physical evolution had gone on quite unaffected by the exigencies of the Caligastia rebellion. Adam’s contribution to the biologic status of the races, notwithstanding the partial failure of the undertaking, enormously upstepped the people of Urantia.
Adam i Eva također su pridonijeli mnogo toga što je bilo od vrijednosti za društveni, moralni i intelektualni napredak čovječanstva; prisutnost njihova potomstva uvelike je ubrzala razvoj civilizacije. No prije trideset i pet tisuća godina svijet je u cjelini posjedovao malo kulture. Tu i tamo postojala su određena središta civilizacije, ali je većina Urantije životarila u divljaštvu. S obzirom na rasu i kulturu, svijet je bio ovako raspodijeljen:
78:1.2 (868.4)
Adam and Eve also contributed much that was of value to the social, moral, and intellectual progress of mankind; civilization was immensely quickened by the presence of their offspring. But thirty-five thousand years ago the world at large possessed little culture. Certain centers of civilization existed here and there, but most of Urantia languished in savagery. Racial and cultural distribution was as follows:
1. Ljubičasta rasa — Adamiti i Adamsoniti. Glavno središte adamitske kulture nalazilo se u drugom vrtu, smještenom u trokutu između rijeka Tigrisa i Eufrata; to je doista bila kolijevka zapadnih i indijskih civilizacija. Sekundarno ili sjeverno središte ljubičaste rase bilo je adamsonitsko središte, smješteno istočno od južne obale Kaspijskog mora, blizu kopetskog gorja. Iz ta dva središta prema okolnim su zemljama potekli kultura i životna plazma koji su tako brzo unaprijedili sve rase.
78:1.3 (868.5)
1. The violet race—Adamites and Adamsonites. The chief center of Adamite culture was in the second garden, located in the triangle of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; this was indeed the cradle of Occidental and Indian civilizations. The secondary or northern center of the violet race was the Adamsonite headquarters, situated east of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea near the Kopet mountains. From these two centers there went forth to the surrounding lands the culture and life plasm which so immediately quickened all the races.
2. Pred-sumerani i ostali Noditi. U Mezopotamiji, blizu ušća rijeka, nalazili su se i ostatci drevne kulture iz vremena Dalamatije. Tijekom tisućljeća ova se skupina temeljito izmiješala s Adamitima na sjeveru, ali nikada nije u potpunosti izgubila svoje noditske predaje. Razne druge noditske skupine koje su se naselile na Levantu općenito su bile apsorbirane širenjem ljubičaste rase.
78:1.4 (868.6)
2. Pre-Sumerians and other Nodites. There were also present in Mesopotamia, near the mouth of the rivers, remnants of the ancient culture of the days of Dalamatia. With the passing millenniums, this group became thoroughly admixed with the Adamites to the north, but they never entirely lost their Nodite traditions. Various other Nodite groups that had settled in the Levant were, in general, absorbed by the later expanding violet race.
3. Andoniti su održavali pet ili šest prilično reprezentativnih naselja na sjeveru i istoku od adamsonitskog središta. Bili su također raspršeni po Turkestanu, dok su izolirani ostaci njihove rase opstajali diljem Euroazije, osobito u planinskim područjima. Ovi su starosjedioci još uvijek držali sjeverne krajeve euroazijskog kontinenta, zajedno s Islandom i Grenlandom, ali su odavno bili potisnuti iz europskih ravnica od strane plave rase, a iz riječnih dolina daljnje Azije od strane šireće žute rase.
78:1.5 (869.1)
3. The Andonites maintained five or six fairly representative settlements to the north and east of the Adamson headquarters. They were also scattered throughout Turkestan, while isolated islands of them persisted throughout Eurasia, especially in mountainous regions. These aborigines still held the northlands of the Eurasian continent, together with Iceland and Greenland, but they had long since been driven from the plains of Europe by the blue man and from the river valleys of farther Asia by the expanding yellow race.
6. Plava rasa. Plavi ljudi bili su raspršeni diljem Europe, ali njihova su bolja kulturna središta bila smještena u tada plodnim dolinama sredozemnog bazena i u sjeverozapadnoj Europi. Plava rasa bila je znatno unazađena miješanjem s neandertalcima, ali je inače bila najagresivnija i najpustolovnija od svih evolucijskih rasa Euroazije, s najsnažnijim istraživačkim porivom.
78:1.8 (869.4)
6. The blue race. The blue men were scattered all over Europe, but their better centers of culture were situated in the then fertile valleys of the Mediterranean basin and in northwestern Europe. Neanderthal absorption had greatly retarded the culture of the blue man, but he was otherwise the most aggressive, adventurous, and exploratory of all the evolutionary peoples of Eurasia.
Ovo je bila slika svijeta prije početka velikih širenja ljubičaste rase, prije otprilike dvadeset i pet tisuća godina. Nada buduće civilizacije nalazila se u drugom vrtu između rijeka Mezopotamije. Ondje je u jugozapadnoj Aziji postojao potencijal velike civilizacije, mogućnost širenja svijetom ideja i ideala koji su bili sačuvani iz vremena Dalamatije i razdoblja Edena.
78:1.12 (869.8)
This was the picture of the world prior to the beginnings of the great expansions of the violet race, about twenty-five thousand years ago. The hope of future civilization lay in the second garden between the rivers of Mesopotamia. Here in southwestern Asia there existed the potential of a great civilization, the possibility of the spread to the world of the ideas and ideals which had been salvaged from the days of Dalamatia and the times of Eden.
Herojsko vodstvo drugog vrta ubraja se među epove najvećeg veličanstva i najdubljeg nadahnuća u cijeloj povijesti Urantije. Te izvanredne duše nikada nisu izgubile iz vida izvorno nastojanje da provedu adamsku misiju, te su se stoga junački suprotstavljale utjecajima okolnih nazadnih plemena, dok su istodobno neprestano slale svoje najodabranije sinove i kćeri kao izaslanike rasama svijeta. Takvo je širenje povremeno slabilo njihove redove u Mezopotamiji, ali su ih uvijek iznova uspijevali obnoviti.
78:2.2 (869.11)
The heroism displayed in the leadership of the second garden constitutes one of the amazing and inspiring epics of Urantia’s history. These splendid souls never wholly lost sight of the purpose of the Adamic mission, and therefore did they valiantly fight off the influences of the surrounding and inferior tribes while they willingly sent forth their choicest sons and daughters in a steady stream as emissaries to the races of earth. Sometimes this expansion was depleting to the home culture, but always these superior peoples would rehabilitate themselves.
Civilizacija, društvo i kulturni status Adamita bili su daleko iznad opće razine evolucijskih rasa Urantije. Samo se u starim naseljima Vana i Amadona te među Adamsonitima mogla naći civilizacija koja im je na neki način bila usporediva. No civilizacija drugog Edena bila je umjetna tvorevina—nije bila evoluirana—i stoga je bila osuđena na propadanje sve dok ne bi dosegnula prirodnu razinu evolucije.
78:2.3 (870.1)
The civilization, society, and cultural status of the Adamites were far above the general level of the evolutionary races of Urantia. Only among the old settlements of Van and Amadon and the Adamsonites was there a civilization in any way comparable. But the civilization of the second Eden was an artificial structure — it had not been evolved—and was therefore doomed to deteriorate until it reached a natural evolutionary level.
Adam je iza sebe ostavio veliku intelektualnu i duhovnu kulturu, ali ona nije bila napredna u pogledu mehaničkih sredstava, jer je svaka civilizacija ograničena dostupnim prirodnim resursima, urođenom domišljatošću i dostatnim slobodnim vremenom koje omogućuje razvitak izuma. Civilizacija ljubičaste rase počivala je na prisutnosti Adama i na predajama o prvom Edenu. Nakon Adamove smrti, i kako su te predaje tijekom tisućljeća blijedjele, kulturna razina Adamita postupno je opadala sve dok nije dosegnula stanje uzajamne ravnoteže sa statusom okolnih naroda i prirodno razvijajućim kulturnim sposobnostima ljubičaste rase.
78:2.4 (870.2)
Adam left a great intellectual and spiritual culture behind him, but it was not advanced in mechanical appliances since every civilization is limited by available natural resources, inherent genius, and sufficient leisure to insure inventive fruition. The civilization of the violet race was predicated on the presence of Adam and on the traditions of the first Eden. After Adam’s death and as these traditions grew dim through the passing millenniums, the cultural level of the Adamites steadily deteriorated until it reached a state of reciprocal balance with the status of the surrounding peoples and the naturally evolving cultural capacities of the violet race.
Ljubičasta rasa zadržala je edenske predaje o miroljubivosti tijekom mnogih tisućljeća, što objašnjava njihovo dugo oklijevanje u osvajanju teritorija. Kada su bili pod pritiskom porasta stanovništva, umjesto da ratuju kako bi osigurali više zemlje, slali su svoje suvišno stanovništvo kao učitelje drugim rasama. Kulturni učinak tih ranih migracija nije bio trajan, ali je biološka asimilacija adamskih učitelja, trgovaca i istraživača snažno okrijepila okolne narode.
78:3.1 (870.4)
The violet race retained the Edenic traditions of peacefulness for many millenniums, which explains their long delay in making territorial conquests. When they suffered from population pressure, instead of making war to secure more territory, they sent forth their excess inhabitants as teachers to the other races. The cultural effect of these earlier migrations was not enduring, but the absorption of the Adamite teachers, traders, and explorers was biologically invigorating to the surrounding peoples.
Neki su Adamiti već rano krenuli prema zapadu, u dolinu Nila; drugi su prodrli prema istoku u Aziju, ali oni su bili u manjini. Glavno kretanje kasnijih razdoblja bilo je izrazito usmjereno prema sjeveru, a zatim prema zapadu. U osnovi, radilo se o postupnom, ali neprekidnom napredovanju prema sjeveru, pri čemu je većina najprije išla na sjever, a potom zaokretala prema zapadu oko Kaspijskog mora, ulazeći u Europu.
78:3.2 (870.5)
Some of the Adamites early journeyed westward to the valley of the Nile; others penetrated eastward into Asia, but these were a minority. The mass movement of the later days was extensively northward and thence westward. It was, in the main, a gradual but unremitting northward push, the greater number making their way north and then circling westward around the Caspian Sea into Europe.
Prije otprilike dvadeset i pet tisuća godina mnogi su čistokrvniji Adamiti krenuli u masovnu migraciju prema sjeveru. Kako su napredovali, sve su više gubili svoje adamsko nasljeđe, sve dok se, u vrijeme naseljavanja Turkestana, nisu potpuno izmiješali s drugim rasama, osobito s Noditima. Vrlo je malo čistokrvnih pripadnika ljubičaste rase ikada prodrlo duboko u Europu ili Aziju.
78:3.3 (870.6)
About twenty-five thousand years ago many of the purer elements of the Adamites were well on their northern trek. And as they penetrated northward, they became less and less Adamic until, by the times of their occupation of Turkestan, they had become thoroughly admixed with the other races, particularly the Nodites. Very few of the pure-line violet peoples ever penetrated far into Europe or Asia.
Od otprilike 30.000 do 10.000 pr. Kr. širom jugozapadne Azije odvijala su se presudna rasna miješanja. Stanovnici visoravni Turkestana bili su snažan i vitalan narod. Sjeverozapadno od Indije bio je očuvan velik dio kulture iz vremena Vana. Još sjevernije od tih naselja očuvao se najbolji dio ranih Andita. A obje ove naprednije rase, u pogledu kulture i karaktera, bile su apsorbirane od strane Adamita koji su napredovali prema sjeveru. Ovo je miješanje dovelo do usvajanja mnogih novih ideja; olakšalo je napredak civilizacije i znatno unaprijedilo sve vidove umjetnosti, znanosti i društvene kulture.
78:3.4 (870.7)
From about 30,000 to 10,000 b.c. epoch-making racial mixtures were taking place throughout southwestern Asia. The highland inhabitants of Turkestan were a virile and vigorous people. To the northwest of India much of the culture of the days of Van persisted. Still to the north of these settlements the best of the early Andonites had been preserved. And both of these superior races of culture and character were absorbed by the northward-moving Adamites. This amalgamation led to the adoption of many new ideas; it facilitated the progress of civilization and greatly advanced all phases of art, science, and social culture.
Kako se razdoblje ranih adamskih migracija približavalo kraju, oko 15.000 pr. Kr., već je bilo više Adamovih potomaka u Europi i srednjoj Aziji nego igdje drugdje u svijetu, čak i više nego u Mezopotamiji. Europske plave rase bile su uvelike prožete tim utjecajem. Područja koja se danas nazivaju Rusijom i Turkestanom bila su u svojim južnim dijelovima naseljena velikim slojem Adamita izmiješanih s Noditima, Andonitima te crvenim i žutim Sangicima. Južnu Europu i obale Sredozemlja nastanjivala je mješovita rasa andonitskih i sangiških naroda—narančastih, zelenih i indigo—uz manji udio adamskog nasljeđa. Malu Aziju i srednjoistočne dijelove Europe držala su plemena pretežno andonitskog podrijetla.
78:3.5 (871.1)
As the period of the early Adamic migrations ended, about 15,000 b.c., there were already more descendants of Adam in Europe and central Asia than anywhere else in the world, even than in Mesopotamia. The European blue races had been largely infiltrated. The lands now called Russia and Turkestan were occupied throughout their southern stretches by a great reservoir of the Adamites mixed with Nodites, Andonites, and red and yellow Sangiks. Southern Europe and the Mediterranean fringe were occupied by a mixed race of Andonite and Sangik peoples—orange, green, and indigo—with a sprinkling of the Adamite stock. Asia Minor and the central-eastern European lands were held by tribes that were predominantly Andonite.
Egiptom je dominirala jedna miješana tamnoputa rasa koja je u tom razdoblju bila dodatno ojačana priljevom pridošlica iz Mezopotamije i koja se upravo spremala preuzeti nestajuću kulturu doline Eufrata. Crni su se narodi kretali sve južnije u Afriku, gdje su, poput crvene rase, ostali gotovo potpuno izolirani.
78:3.6 (871.2)
A blended colored race, about this time greatly reinforced by arrivals from Mesopotamia, held forth in Egypt and prepared to take over the disappearing culture of the Euphrates valley. The black peoples were moving farther south in Africa and, like the red race, were virtually isolated.
Saharska civilizacija bila je narušena sušom, a ona sredozemnog bazena poplavama. Plave rase još nisu uspjele razviti naprednu kulturu. Andoniti su i dalje bili raspršeni po arktičkim i srednjoazijskim područjima. Zelena i narančasta rasa bile su kao takve istrijebljene. Indigo rasa pomicala se prema jugu u Africi, gdje je započela njezina spora, ali dugotrajna rasna degeneracija.
78:3.7 (871.3)
The Saharan civilization had been disrupted by drought and that of the Mediterranean basin by flood. The blue races had, as yet, failed to develop an advanced culture. The Andonites were still scattered over the Arctic and central Asian regions. The green and orange races had been exterminated as such. The indigo race was moving south in Africa, there to begin its slow but long-continued racial deterioration.
Ove rasne raspodjele, u kombinaciji s dalekosežnim klimatskim promjenama, pripremile su svjetsku pozornicu za početak anditskog razdoblja civilizacije na Urantiji. Ove rane migracije trajale su deset tisuća godina, od 25.000 do 15.000 pr. Kr. Kasnije, anditske migracije trajale su od približno 15.000 do 6.000 pr. Kr.
78:3.9 (871.5)
These racial distributions, associated with extensive climatic changes, set the world stage for the inauguration of the Andite era of Urantia civilization. These early migrations extended over a period of ten thousand years, from 25,000 to 15,000 b.c. The later or Andite migrations extended from about 15,000 to 6000 b.c.
Anditske rase uglavnom su bile mješavine čistokrvne ljubičaste rase i Nodita, uz dodatak evolucijskih naroda. Općenito, Andite treba smatrati nositeljima znatno većeg udjela adamske krvi nego što je to slučaj kod suvremenih rasa. U osnovi, pojam Andit koristi se za označavanje onih naroda čije je rasno nasljeđe sadržavalo između jedne osmine i jedne šestine ljubičaste krvi. Suvremeni Urantijci, čak i sjeverne bijele rase, sadrže znatno manji udio te krvi.
78:4.1 (871.7)
The Andite races were the primary blends of the pure-line violet race and the Nodites plus the evolutionary peoples. In general, Andites should be thought of as having a far greater percentage of Adamic blood than the modern races. In the main, the term Andite is used to designate those peoples whose racial inheritance was from one-eighth to one-sixth violet. Modern Urantians, even the northern white races, contain much less than this percentage of the blood of Adam.
Najraniji anditski narodi potekli su iz područja uz Mezopotamiju prije više od dvadeset i pet tisuća godina i sastojali su se od mješavine Adamita i Nodita. Drugi vrt bio je okružen koncentričnim krugovima sve slabijeg udjela ljubičaste krvi, i upravo je na rubovima tog rasnog miješališta nastala anditska rasa. Kasnije, kada su migrirajući Adamiti i Noditi ušli u tada plodne krajeve Turkestana, ubrzo su se izmiješali s naprednijim stanovništvom, a nastala mješavina proširila je anditski tip prema sjeveru.
78:4.2 (871.8)
The earliest Andite peoples took origin in the regions adjacent to Mesopotamia more than twenty-five thousand years ago and consisted of a blend of the Adamites and Nodites. The second garden was surrounded by concentric circles of diminishing violet blood, and it was on the periphery of this racial melting pot that the Andite race was born. Later on, when the migrating Adamites and Nodites entered the then fertile regions of Turkestan, they soon blended with the superior inhabitants, and the resultant race mixture extended the Andite type northward.
78:4.3 (872.1)
The Andites were the best all-round human stock to appear on Urantia since the days of the pure-line violet peoples. They embraced most of the highest types of the surviving remnants of the Adamite and Nodite races and, later, some of the best strains of the yellow, blue, and green men.
78:4.4 (872.2)
These early Andites were not Aryan; they were pre-Aryan. They were not white; they were pre-white. They were neither an Occidental nor an Oriental people. But it is Andite inheritance that gives to the polyglot mixture of the so-called white races that generalized homogeneity which has been called Caucasoid.
Čišće loze ljubičaste rase zadržale su adamsku predaju o težnji za mirom, što objašnjava zašto su ranija kretanja rasa bila više nalik mirnim migracijama. No kada su se Adamiti ujedinili s noditskim skupinama, koje su u to vrijeme već bile ratoborne, njihovi su anditski potomci postali, za svoje doba, najvještiji i najrazboritiji vojni stratezi koji su ikada živjeli na Urantiji. Od tada su kretanja mezopotamskih naroda poprimala sve izraženiji vojni karakter i sve više nalikovala stvarnim osvajačkim pohodima.
78:4.5 (872.3)
The purer strains of the violet race had retained the Adamic tradition of peace-seeking, which explains why the earlier race movements had been more in the nature of peaceful migrations. But as the Adamites united with the Nodite stocks, who were by this time a belligerent race, their Andite descendants became, for their day and age, the most skillful and sagacious militarists ever to live on Urantia. Thenceforth the movements of the Mesopotamians grew increasingly military in character and became more akin to actual conquests.
Kultura koja je potekla iz drugog vrta održala se dvadeset tisuća godina, ali je postupno nazadovala sve do otprilike 15.000 pr. Kr., kada su preporod setitskog svećenstva i vodstvo Amosada uveli novu, veličanstvenu eru. Masovni valovi širenja ove civilizacije, koja se kasnije proširila Euroazijom, uslijedili su neposredno nakon opsežnog miješanja Adamita s obližnjim miješanim Noditima, čime su nastali Anditi i započeo preporod Vrta.
78:5.1 (872.5)
For twenty thousand years the culture of the second garden persisted, but it experienced a steady decline until about 15,000 b.c., when the regeneration of the Sethite priesthood and the leadership of Amosad inaugurated a brilliant era. The massive waves of civilization which later spread over Eurasia immediately followed the great renaissance of the Garden consequent upon the extensive union of the Adamites with the surrounding mixed Nodites to form the Andites.
Ovi su Anditi započeli novu eru migracija diljem Euroazije i sjeverne Afrike. Anditska je kultura dominirala područjem koje se protezalo od Mezopotamije preko Sinkianga, dok je stalni priljev novih skupina iz Mezopotamije poticao migracije prema Europi. No teško je govoriti o Anditima kao zasebnoj rasi u samoj Mezopotamiji sve do početka završnih seoba miješanih Adamovih potomaka. U to su vrijeme čak i rase drugog vrta bile toliko međusobno izmiješane da se više nisu mogle smatrati Adamitima.
78:5.2 (872.6)
These Andites inaugurated new advances throughout Eurasia and North Africa. From Mesopotamia through Sinkiang the Andite culture was dominant, and the steady migration toward Europe was continuously offset by new arrivals from Mesopotamia. But it is hardly correct to speak of the Andites as a race in Mesopotamia proper until near the beginning of the terminal migrations of the mixed descendants of Adam. By this time even the races in the second garden had become so blended that they could no longer be considered Adamites.
Civilizacija Turkestana neprestano se obnavljala i osvježavala dolascima iz Mezopotamije, osobito kasnijih anditskih konjanika. Takozvani arijski prajezik nastajao je u visoravnima Turkestana; bio je mješavina andonskog dijalekta toga područja s jezikom Adamsonita, a kasnije i Andita. Mnogi suvremeni jezici potječu iz tog ranog govora srednjoazijskih plemena koja su osvojila Europu, Indiju i gornje dijelove mezopotamskih nizina. Taj je drevni jezik dao zapadnim jezicima onu sličnost koja se naziva arijskom.
78:5.3 (872.7)
The civilization of Turkestan was constantly being revived and refreshed by the newcomers from Mesopotamia, especially by the later Andite cavalrymen. The so-called Aryan mother tongue was in process of formation in the highlands of Turkestan; it was a blend of the Andonic dialect of that region with the language of the Adamsonites and later Andites. Many modern languages are derived from this early speech of these central Asian tribes who conquered Europe, India, and the upper stretches of the Mesopotamian plains. This ancient language gave the Occidental tongues all of that similarity which is called Aryan.
Anditi nisu migrirali samo u Europu, nego i u sjevernu Kinu i Indiju, dok su mnoge skupine prodrle u najudaljenije krajeve svijeta kao misionari, učitelji i trgovci. Znatno su pridonijeli razvoju sjevernih skupina saharskih sangičkih naroda. No vrlo je mali broj učitelja i trgovaca ikada prodro južnije u Africi od izvorišta Nila. Kasnije su se miješani Anditi i Egipćani kretali niz istočnu i zapadnu obalu Afrike daleko ispod ekvatora, ali nijedni nisu dosegnuli Madagaskar.
78:5.5 (873.1)
The Andites not only migrated to Europe but to northern China and India, while many groups penetrated to the ends of the earth as missionaries, teachers, and traders. They contributed considerably to the northern groups of the Saharan Sangik peoples. But only a few teachers and traders ever penetrated farther south in Africa than the headwaters of the Nile. Later on, mixed Andites and Egyptians followed down both the east and west coasts of Africa well below the equator, but they did not reach Madagascar.
Ti su Anditi bili takozvani dravidski, a kasnije i arijski osvajači Indije; a njihova je prisutnost u srednjoj Aziji uvelike unaprijedila pretke Turanaca. Mnogi pripadnici ove rase stigli su u Kinu preko Sinkianga i Tibeta te su pridonijeli poželjnim svojstvima kasnijih kineskih skupina. S vremena na vrijeme manje su skupine stizale do Japana, Formoze, Istočne Indije i južne Kine, premda je vrlo malo njih u južnu Kinu ulazilo obalnim putem.
78:5.6 (873.2)
These Andites were the so-called Dravidian and later Aryan conquerors of India; and their presence in central Asia greatly upstepped the ancestors of the Turanians. Many of this race journeyed to China by way of both Sinkiang and Tibet and added desirable qualities to the later Chinese stocks. From time to time small groups made their way into Japan, Formosa, the East Indies, and southern China, though very few entered southern China by the coastal route.
Stotinu i trideset i dvoje pripadnika ove rase, otisnuvši se iz Japana u floti malih čamaca, naposljetku su stigli do Južne Amerike i međusobnim miješanjem s domorocima Anda postavili temelje kasnijih vladara Inka. Prešli su Tihi ocean postupnim etapama, zadržavajući se na mnogim otocima koje su putem otkrili. Otoci polinezijskog područja bili su tada brojniji i veći nego danas, a ti su anditski moreplovci, zajedno s nekima koji su ih slijedili, biološki izmijenili domorodačke skupine na svom putu. Na tim danas potopljenim kopnima, kao posljedica anditskog prodora, razvila su se mnoga napredna središta civilizacije. Uskršnji otok dugo je bio religijsko i upravno središte jedne od tih izgubljenih skupina. No od svih Andita koji su u davnim vremenima plovili Pacifikom, samo je tih stotinu i trideset i dvoje dospjelo do kopna Sjeverne i Južne Amerike.
78:5.7 (873.3)
One hundred and thirty-two of this race, embarking in a fleet of small boats from Japan, eventually reached South America and by intermarriage with the natives of the Andes established the ancestry of the later rulers of the Incas. They crossed the Pacific by easy stages, tarrying on the many islands they found along the way. The islands of the Polynesian group were both more numerous and larger then than now, and these Andite sailors, together with some who followed them, biologically modified the native groups in transit. Many flourishing centers of civilization grew up on these now submerged lands as a result of Andite penetration. Easter Island was long a religious and administrative center of one of these lost groups. But of the Andites who navigated the Pacific of long ago none but the one hundred and thirty-two ever reached the mainland of the Americas.
Osvajačke migracije Andita nastavile su se sve do njihovih konačnih raspršenja, od 8000 do 6000 pr. Kr. Kako su se izlijevali iz Mezopotamije, neprestano su iscrpljivali biološke rezerve svojih pradomovina, dok su istodobno znatno jačali okolne narode. U svaku su zemlju u koju su dolazili unosili humor, umjetnost, pustolovnost, glazbu i umijeće proizvodnje. Bili su vješti u pripitomljavanju životinja i iskusni poljoprivrednici. Njihova je prisutnost, barem privremeno, obično poboljšavala religijska vjerovanja i moralne običaje starijih rasa. Tako se kultura Mezopotamije tiho širila Europom, Indijom, Kinom, sjevernom Afrikom i pacifičkim otocima.
78:5.8 (873.4)
The migratory conquests of the Andites continued on down to their final dispersions, from 8000 to 6000 b.c. As they poured out of Mesopotamia, they continuously depleted the biologic reserves of their homelands while markedly strengthening the surrounding peoples. And to every nation to which they journeyed, they contributed humor, art, adventure, music, and manufacture. They were skillful domesticators of animals and expert agriculturists. For the time being, at least, their presence usually improved the religious beliefs and moral practices of the older races. And so the culture of Mesopotamia quietly spread out over Europe, India, China, northern Africa, and the Pacific Islands.
Posljednja tri vala anditskih migracija zahvatila su Mezopotamiju u razdoblju između 8.000 i 6.000 pr. Kr. Nositelji tih velikih kulturnih naleta bili su zapravo prisiljeni napustiti Mezopotamiju pod pritiskom istočnih planinskih plemena i napadima ravničarskih naroda sa zapada. Iz doline Eufrata i okolnih područja stanovništvo se rasulo u svojoj završnoj seobi u sljedećim smjerovima:
78:6.1 (873.5)
The last three waves of Andites poured out of Mesopotamia between 8000 and 6000 b.c. These three great waves of culture were forced out of Mesopotamia by the pressure of the hill tribes to the east and the harassment of the plainsmen of the west. The inhabitants of the Euphrates valley and adjacent territory went forth in their final exodus in several directions:
78:6.4 (874.1)
Ten per cent of the Mesopotamians turned eastward in their northern trek, entering Sinkiang, where they blended with the Andite-yellow inhabitants. The majority of the able offspring of this racial union later entered China and contributed much to the immediate improvement of the northern division of the yellow race.
78:6.6 (874.3)
Five per cent of the Andites, the very superior culture of the coastal district about the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates who had kept themselves free from intermarriage with the inferior neighboring tribesmen, refused to leave their homes. This group represented the survival of many superior Nodite and Adamite strains.
Kulturno razdoblje drugog vrta završilo je sve većim prodorom okolnih, manje razvijenih skupina. Civilizacija se pomaknula prema zapadu, prema Nilu i sredozemnim otocima, gdje je nastavila napredovati dugo nakon što je njezin izvor u Mezopotamiji počeo propadati. Ovaj nekontrolirani priljev manje razvijenih naroda pripremio je teren za kasnije osvajanje cijele Mezopotamije od strane sjevernih barbara, koji su istisnuli preostale sposobne loze. Čak i u kasnijim razdobljima, kulturni ostatci i dalje su osjećali odbojnost prema prisutnosti tih neukih i grubih osvajača.
78:6.8 (874.5)
The cultural age of the second garden was terminated by the increasing infiltration of the surrounding inferior stocks. Civilization moved westward to the Nile and the Mediterranean islands, where it continued to thrive and advance long after its fountainhead in Mesopotamia had deteriorated. And this unchecked influx of inferior peoples prepared the way for the later conquest of all Mesopotamia by the northern barbarians who drove out the residual strains of ability. Even in later years the cultured residue still resented the presence of these ignorant and uncouth invaders.
Tisućama godina nakon potonuća prvog Edena planine uz istočnu obalu Sredozemnog mora te one na sjeverozapadu i sjeveroistoku Mezopotamije nastavile su se uzdizati. To je uzdizanje planinskih područja bilo znatno ubrzano oko 5000 pr. Kr., a to je, zajedno s velikim povećanjem snježnih padalina na sjevernim planinama, uzrokovalo dotad nezabilježene proljetne poplave diljem doline Eufrata. Te su proljetne poplave postajale sve teže, tako da su stanovnici riječnih područja naposljetku bili prisiljeni povući se na istočne visoravni. Gotovo tisuću godina deseci su gradova bili praktički napušteni zbog tih opsežnih poplava.
78:7.2 (874.7)
For thousands of years after the submergence of the first Eden the mountains about the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and those to the northwest and northeast of Mesopotamia continued to rise. This elevation of the highlands was greatly accelerated about 5000 b.c., and this, together with greatly increased snowfall on the northern mountains, caused unprecedented floods each spring throughout the Euphrates valley. These spring floods grew increasingly worse so that eventually the inhabitants of the river regions were driven to the eastern highlands. For almost a thousand years scores of cities were practically deserted because of these extensive deluges.
Gotovo pet tisuća godina kasnije, kada su hebrejski svećenici tijekom babilonskog sužanjstva pokušali pratiti porijeklo židovskog naroda unatrag do Adama, naišli su na velike poteškoće u sastavljanju te priče; i jednomu od njih palo je na pamet da napusti taj pokušaj, da dopusti da cijeli svijet potone u svojoj pokvarenosti u vrijeme Noinog potopa, kako bi tako bio u boljoj poziciji pratiti Abrahama sve do jednoga od trojice preživjelih Noinih sinova.
78:7.3 (874.8)
Almost five thousand years later, as the Hebrew priests in Babylonian captivity sought to trace the Jewish people back to Adam, they found great difficulty in piecing the story together; and it occurred to one of them to abandon the effort, to let the whole world drown in its wickedness at the time of Noah’s flood, and thus to be in a better position to trace Abraham right back to one of the three surviving sons of Noah.
Predaje o vremenu kada je voda prekrila cijelu površinu Zemlje rasprostranjene su diljem svijeta. Mnoge rase čuvaju priču o sveopćem potopu koji se dogodio u nekom razdoblju prošlosti. Biblijska priča o Noi, arci i potopu izum je hebrejskog svećenstva iz vremena babilonskog sužanjstva. Nikada nije postojao sveopći potop otkako je život uspostavljen na Urantiji. Jedini put kada je površina Zemlje bila potpuno prekrivena vodom bio je tijekom arheozojskih razdoblja, prije nego što su se kopna počela pojavljivati.
78:7.4 (875.1)
The traditions of a time when water covered the whole of the earth’s surface are universal. Many races harbor the story of a world-wide flood some time during past ages. The Biblical story of Noah, the ark, and the flood is an invention of the Hebrew priesthood during the Babylonian captivity. There has never been a universal flood since life was established on Urantia. The only time the surface of the earth was completely covered by water was during those Archeozoic ages before the land had begun to appear.
Noa je, međutim, uistinu postojao; u Aramu, riječnom naselju blizu Ereka, bavio se proizvodnjom vina. Iz godine u godinu bilježio je kretanje vodostaja. Mnogi su ga izrugivali jer je obilazio domove savjetujući da se kuće grade od drva, po uzoru na brodove, i da se svake večeri, kako se približava sezona poplava, u njih smještaju domaće životinje. Svake je godine obilazio obližnja riječna naselja i upozoravao ljude na nadolazeće poplave. Naposljetku je došla godina u kojoj su, zbog obilnih kiša, poplave bile tako velike da je iznenadni porast vode uništio cijelo selo; jedino su Noa i njegova uža obitelj preživjeli u kući sagrađenoj poput broda.
78:7.5 (875.2)
But Noah really lived; he was a wine maker of Aram, a river settlement near Erech. He kept a written record of the days of the river’s rise from year to year. He brought much ridicule upon himself by going up and down the river valley advocating that all houses be built of wood, boat fashion, and that the family animals be put on board each night as the flood season approached. He would go to the neighboring river settlements every year and warn them that in so many days the floods would come. Finally a year came in which the annual floods were greatly augmented by unusually heavy rainfall so that the sudden rise of the waters wiped out the entire village; only Noah and his immediate family were saved in their houseboat.
78:7.7 (875.4)
The remnants of this, one of the oldest civilizations, are to be found in these regions of Mesopotamia and to the northeast and northwest. But still older vestiges of the days of Dalamatia exist under the waters of the Persian Gulf, and the first Eden lies submerged under the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
Kada je posljednje anditsko raspršenje slomilo biološku osnovu mezopotamske civilizacije, mala manjina te nadmoćne rase ostala je u svojoj pradomovini blizu ušća rijeka. To su bili Sumerani, i do 6000 pr. Kr. postali su pretežno anditskog porijekla, premda je njihova kultura bila izrazitije noditskog karaktera, a oni su se i dalje držali drevnih predaja Dalamatije. Ipak, ti su obalni Sumerani bili posljednji Anditi u Mezopotamiji. No rase Mezopotamije već su do tog vremena bile temeljito izmiješane, što potvrđuju tipovi lubanja pronađeni u grobovima iz tog razdoblja.
78:8.1 (875.5)
When the last Andite dispersion broke the biologic backbone of Mesopotamian civilization, a small minority of this superior race remained in their homeland near the mouths of the rivers. These were the Sumerians, and by 6000 b.c. they had become largely Andite in extraction, though their culture was more exclusively Nodite in character, and they clung to the ancient traditions of Dalamatia. Nonetheless, these Sumerians of the coastal regions were the last of the Andites in Mesopotamia. But the races of Mesopotamia were already thoroughly blended by this late date, as is evidenced by the skull types found in the graves of this era.
Za vrijeme tih poplava Susa se znatno razvila. Donji je grad bio potopljen, pa je novi grad, izgrađen na višem tlu, preuzeo ulogu znamenitog središta umjetnosti i obrta toga razdoblja. Nakon slabljenja poplava Ur je postao središte lončarske proizvodnje. Prije otprilike sedam tisuća godina Ur se nalazio na obali Perzijskog zaljeva, a kopno koje ga danas odvaja od obale nastalo je od nakupljenih riječnih nanosa nakupljenih od tada. Ta su naselja bila donekle pošteđena poplava zahvaljujući širenju riječnih ušća i djelotvornijim sustavima kontrole.
78:8.2 (875.6)
It was during the floodtimes that Susa so greatly prospered. The first and lower city was inundated so that the second or higher town succeeded the lower as the headquarters for the peculiar artcrafts of that day. With the later diminution of these floods, Ur became the center of the pottery industry. About seven thousand years ago Ur was on the Persian Gulf, the river deposits having since built up the land to its present limits. These settlements suffered less from the floods because of better controlling works and the widening mouths of the rivers.
Mirni uzgajivači žitarica u dolinama Eufrata i Tigrisa dugo su bili izloženi napadima barbara iz Turkestana i s iranske visoravni. No sada je uslijedila zajednička invazija na dolinu Eufrata, potaknuta sve većom sušom na planinskim pašnjacima. Ta je invazija bila još opasnija jer su ti okolni stočari i lovci raspolagali velikim brojem pripitomljenih konja. Upravo im je posjedovanje konja davalo golemu vojnu prednost nad njihovim bogatim susjedima na jugu. U kratkom su vremenu preplavili cijelu Mezopotamiju, potiskujući posljednje valove kulture koji su se potom proširili Europom, zapadnom Azijom i sjevernom Afrikom.
78:8.3 (875.7)
The peaceful grain growers of the Euphrates and Tigris valleys had long been harassed by the raids of the barbarians of Turkestan and the Iranian plateau. But now a concerted invasion of the Euphrates valley was brought about by the increasing drought of the highland pastures. And this invasion was all the more serious because these surrounding herdsmen and hunters possessed large numbers of tamed horses. It was the possession of horses which gave them a tremendous military advantage over their rich neighbors to the south. In a short time they overran all Mesopotamia, driving forth the last waves of culture which spread out over all of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.
Ovi osvajači Mezopotamije u svojim su redovima nosili mnoge od boljih anditskih loza izmiješanih sjevernih rasa Turkestana, uključujući i neke od Adamsonova nasljeđa. Ta manje razvijena, ali snažnija sjeverna plemena brzo su i spremno asimilirala ostatke mezopotamske civilizacije te su ubrzo razvila one miješane narode koji se nalaze u dolini Eufrata na početku povijesnih zapisa. Brzo su obnovili mnoge vidove nestajuće civilizacije Mezopotamije, prihvaćajući umjetnosti riječnih plemena i velik dio kulture Sumerana. Čak su pokušali sagraditi treći babilonski toranj, a kasnije su taj naziv usvojili kao svoje narodno ime.
78:8.4 (876.1)
These conquerors of Mesopotamia carried in their ranks many of the better Andite strains of the mixed northern races of Turkestan, including some of the Adamson stock. These less advanced but more vigorous tribes from the north quickly and willingly assimilated the residue of the civilization of Mesopotamia and presently developed into those mixed peoples found in the Euphrates valley at the beginning of historic annals. They quickly revived many phases of the passing civilization of Mesopotamia, adopting the arts of the valley tribes and much of the culture of the Sumerians. They even sought to build a third tower of Babel and later adopted the term as their national name.
Kad su ovi barbarski konjanici sa sjeveroistoka pregazili cijelu dolinu Eufrata, nisu porazili ostatke Andita koji su naseljavali ušća rijeka na Perzijskom zaljevu. Ti su se Sumerani mogli obraniti zahvaljujući većoj razboritosti, nadmoćnijem oružju i razgranatoj mreži vojnih kanala, koja se nadovezivala na sustav navodnjavanja međusobno povezanih bazena. Bili su ujedinjen narod jer su imali zajedničku religiju. Tako su uspjeli očuvati svoj rasni i nacionalni integritet dugo nakon što su se njihovi sjeverozapadni susjedi raspali u niz izoliranih gradova-država. Nijedan od tih gradova nije mogao nadvladati ujedinjene Sumerane.
78:8.5 (876.2)
When these barbarian cavalrymen from the northeast overran the whole Euphrates valley, they did not conquer the remnants of the Andites who dwelt about the mouth of the river on the Persian Gulf. These Sumerians were able to defend themselves because of superior intelligence, better weapons, and their extensive system of military canals, which were an adjunct to their irrigation scheme of interconnecting pools. They were a united people because they had a uniform group religion. They were thus able to maintain their racial and national integrity long after their neighbors to the northwest were broken up into isolated city-states. No one of these city groups was able to overcome the united Sumerians.
Napadači sa sjevera ubrzo su naučili cijeniti i vjerovati tim miroljubivim Sumeranima kao sposobnim učiteljima i upraviteljima. Bili su visoko cijenjeni i traženi kao učitelji umjetnosti i obrta, kao voditelji trgovine i kao građanski upravitelji među svim narodima na sjeveru, kao i od Egipta na zapadu do Indije na istoku.
78:8.6 (876.3)
And the invaders from the north soon learned to trust and prize these peace-loving Sumerians as able teachers and administrators. They were greatly respected and sought after as teachers of art and industry, as directors of commerce, and as civil rulers by all peoples to the north and from Egypt in the west to India in the east.
Nakon raspada rane sumerske konfederacije, kasnijim su gradovima-državama vladali odmetnički potomci setitskih svećenika. Kraljevima su se nazivali samo kada bi osvajali obližnje gradove. Kasniji gradski vladari nisu uspjeli uspostaviti snažnu konfederaciju jer se svaki ljubomorno držao svoga božanstva. Svaki je grad tvrdio da je njegov bog moćniji od svih drugih, pa nisu željeli prihvatiti zajedničkog vladara.
78:8.7 (876.4)
After the breakup of the early Sumerian confederation the later city-states were ruled by the apostate descendants of the Sethite priests. Only when these priests made conquests of the neighboring cities did they call themselves kings. The later city kings failed to form powerful confederations before the days of Sargon because of deity jealousy. Each city believed its municipal god to be superior to all other gods, and therefore they refused to subordinate themselves to a common leader.
Kraj tog dugog razdoblja slabe vladavine gradskih svećenika nastupio je sa Sargonom, svećenikom iz Kiša, koji se proglasio kraljem i započeo osvajanje cijele Mezopotamije i susjednih zemalja. Time je, barem privremeno, okončano razdoblje gradova-država pod vlašću svećenika, gdje je svaki grad imao svoje božanstvo i vlastite obrede.
78:8.8 (876.5)
The end of this long period of the weak rule of the city priests was terminated by Sargon, the priest of Kish, who proclaimed himself king and started out on the conquest of the whole of Mesopotamia and adjoining lands. And for the time, this ended the city-states, priest-ruled and priest-ridden, each city having its own municipal god and its own ceremonial practices.
Oko 2500 pr. Kr. Sumerani su pretrpjeli težak poraz od sjevernih Suita i Guita. Tom je prilikom pao Lagaš, sumerska prijestolnica izgrađena na protupoplavnim nasipima. Nakon pada Akada, a do vremena uspostave Hamurabijeve vlasti, Sumerani su bili apsorbirani u redove sjevernih Semita, te su mezopotamski Anditi iščezli s pozornice povijesti.
78:8.10 (877.1)
About 2500 b.c. the Sumerians suffered severe reverses at the hands of the northern Suites and Guites. Lagash, the Sumerian capital built on flood mounds, fell. Erech held out for thirty years after the fall of Akkad. By the time of the establishment of the rule of Hammurabi the Sumerians had become absorbed into the ranks of the northern Semites, and the Mesopotamian Andites passed from the pages of history.
78:8.11 (877.2)
From 2500 to 2000 b.c. the nomads were on a rampage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The Nerites constituted the final eruption of the Caspian group of the Mesopotamian descendants of the blended Andonite and Andite races. What the barbarians failed to do to effect the ruination of Mesopotamia, subsequent climatic changes succeeded in accomplishing.
To je, dakle, priča o ljubičastoj rasi nakon Adamovih dana i o sudbini njihove pradomovine između Tigrisa i Eufrata. Njihova je drevna civilizacija naposljetku propala zbog iseljavanja nadmoćnijih naroda i doseljavanja njihovih manje razvijenih susjeda. No mnogo prije nego što su barbarski konjanici osvojili dolinu, velik dio kulture Vrta već se bio proširio u Aziju, Afriku i Europu, gdje je potaknuo procese koji su naposljetku doveli do civilizacije koja postoji na Urantiji u dvadesetom stoljeću.
78:8.12 (877.3)
And this is the story of the violet race after the days of Adam and of the fate of their homeland between the Tigris and Euphrates. Their ancient civilization finally fell due to the emigration of superior peoples and the immigration of their inferior neighbors. But long before the barbarian cavalrymen conquered the valley, much of the Garden culture had spread to Asia, Africa, and Europe, there to produce the ferments which have resulted in the twentieth-century civilization of Urantia.