유란시아 책
III 부. 유란시아의 역사
Paper 78
The Violet Race After the Days of Adam
The Violet Race After the Days of Adam
78:0.1 (868.1)
THE second Eden was the cradle of civilization for almost thirty thousand years. Here in Mesopotamia the Adamic peoples held forth, sending out their progeny to the ends of the earth, and latterly, as amalgamated with the Nodite and Sangik tribes, were known as the Andites. From this region went those men and women who initiated the doings of historic times, and who have so enormously accelerated cultural progress on Urantia.
78:0.2 (868.2)
This paper depicts the planetary history of the violet race, beginning soon after the default of Adam, about 35,000 b.c., and extending down through its amalgamation with the Nodite and Sangik races, about 15,000 b.c., to form the Andite peoples and on to its final disappearance from the Mesopotamian homelands, about 2000 b.c.
78:1.1 (868.3)
Although the minds and morals of the races were at a low level at the time of Adam’s arrival, physical evolution had gone on quite unaffected by the exigencies of the Caligastia rebellion. Adam’s contribution to the biologic status of the races, notwithstanding the partial failure of the undertaking, enormously upstepped the people of Urantia.
78:1.2 (868.4)
Adam and Eve also contributed much that was of value to the social, moral, and intellectual progress of mankind; civilization was immensely quickened by the presence of their offspring. But thirty-five thousand years ago the world at large possessed little culture. Certain centers of civilization existed here and there, but most of Urantia languished in savagery. Racial and cultural distribution was as follows:
78:1.3 (868.5)
1. The violet race—Adamites and Adamsonites. The chief center of Adamite culture was in the second garden, located in the triangle of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; this was indeed the cradle of Occidental and Indian civilizations. The secondary or northern center of the violet race was the Adamsonite headquarters, situated east of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea near the Kopet mountains. From these two centers there went forth to the surrounding lands the culture and life plasm which so immediately quickened all the races.
78:1.4 (868.6)
2. Pre-Sumerians and other Nodites. There were also present in Mesopotamia, near the mouth of the rivers, remnants of the ancient culture of the days of Dalamatia. With the passing millenniums, this group became thoroughly admixed with the Adamites to the north, but they never entirely lost their Nodite traditions. Various other Nodite groups that had settled in the Levant were, in general, absorbed by the later expanding violet race.
78:1.5 (869.1)
3. The Andonites maintained five or six fairly representative settlements to the north and east of the Adamson headquarters. They were also scattered throughout Turkestan, while isolated islands of them persisted throughout Eurasia, especially in mountainous regions. These aborigines still held the northlands of the Eurasian continent, together with Iceland and Greenland, but they had long since been driven from the plains of Europe by the blue man and from the river valleys of farther Asia by the expanding yellow race.
78:1.8 (869.4)
6. The blue race. The blue men were scattered all over Europe, but their better centers of culture were situated in the then fertile valleys of the Mediterranean basin and in northwestern Europe. Neanderthal absorption had greatly retarded the culture of the blue man, but he was otherwise the most aggressive, adventurous, and exploratory of all the evolutionary peoples of Eurasia.
78:1.12 (869.8)
This was the picture of the world prior to the beginnings of the great expansions of the violet race, about twenty-five thousand years ago. The hope of future civilization lay in the second garden between the rivers of Mesopotamia. Here in southwestern Asia there existed the potential of a great civilization, the possibility of the spread to the world of the ideas and ideals which had been salvaged from the days of Dalamatia and the times of Eden.
78:2.2 (869.11)
The heroism displayed in the leadership of the second garden constitutes one of the amazing and inspiring epics of Urantia’s history. These splendid souls never wholly lost sight of the purpose of the Adamic mission, and therefore did they valiantly fight off the influences of the surrounding and inferior tribes while they willingly sent forth their choicest sons and daughters in a steady stream as emissaries to the races of earth. Sometimes this expansion was depleting to the home culture, but always these superior peoples would rehabilitate themselves.
78:2.3 (870.1)
The civilization, society, and cultural status of the Adamites were far above the general level of the evolutionary races of Urantia. Only among the old settlements of Van and Amadon and the Adamsonites was there a civilization in any way comparable. But the civilization of the second Eden was an artificial structure — it had not been evolved—and was therefore doomed to deteriorate until it reached a natural evolutionary level.
78:2.4 (870.2)
Adam left a great intellectual and spiritual culture behind him, but it was not advanced in mechanical appliances since every civilization is limited by available natural resources, inherent genius, and sufficient leisure to insure inventive fruition. The civilization of the violet race was predicated on the presence of Adam and on the traditions of the first Eden. After Adam’s death and as these traditions grew dim through the passing millenniums, the cultural level of the Adamites steadily deteriorated until it reached a state of reciprocal balance with the status of the surrounding peoples and the naturally evolving cultural capacities of the violet race.
78:3.1 (870.4)
The violet race retained the Edenic traditions of peacefulness for many millenniums, which explains their long delay in making territorial conquests. When they suffered from population pressure, instead of making war to secure more territory, they sent forth their excess inhabitants as teachers to the other races. The cultural effect of these earlier migrations was not enduring, but the absorption of the Adamite teachers, traders, and explorers was biologically invigorating to the surrounding peoples.
78:3.2 (870.5)
Some of the Adamites early journeyed westward to the valley of the Nile; others penetrated eastward into Asia, but these were a minority. The mass movement of the later days was extensively northward and thence westward. It was, in the main, a gradual but unremitting northward push, the greater number making their way north and then circling westward around the Caspian Sea into Europe.
78:3.3 (870.6)
About twenty-five thousand years ago many of the purer elements of the Adamites were well on their northern trek. And as they penetrated northward, they became less and less Adamic until, by the times of their occupation of Turkestan, they had become thoroughly admixed with the other races, particularly the Nodites. Very few of the pure-line violet peoples ever penetrated far into Europe or Asia.
기원전 약 30,000년부터 10,000년까지, 신기원을-이루는 인종 혼합이 남서부 아시아 전역에서 발생됐다. 투르케스탄 지역의 고원지대에 사는 사람은 씩씩하고 활기찬 민족이었다. 인도 북서쪽 지역에서, 반 시절의 문화가 많이 유지됐다. 이 정착지들보다 더 북쪽에서는, 초기 안돈족속의 최고 문화가 보존됐다. 그리고 문화와 문자를 가진 우수한 이 두 종족은, 북쪽으로 이동하는 아담족속에게 흡수됐다. 이런 혼합은 많은 새 관념을 수용하도록 이끌었는데;이것이 문명의 진보를 촉진시켰고, 예술과 과학 및 사교적 문화의 모든 국면을 크게 진보시켰다.
78:3.4 (870.7)
From about 30,000 to 10,000 b.c. epoch-making racial mixtures were taking place throughout southwestern Asia. The highland inhabitants of Turkestan were a virile and vigorous people. To the northwest of India much of the culture of the days of Van persisted. Still to the north of these settlements the best of the early Andonites had been preserved. And both of these superior races of culture and character were absorbed by the northward-moving Adamites. This amalgamation led to the adoption of many new ideas; it facilitated the progress of civilization and greatly advanced all phases of art, science, and social culture.
기원전 15,000년경에, 아담족속의 초기 이주 기간이 끝났을 때, 이 세상 어느 곳보다 더 많은 아담 후손이 유럽과 아시아에 존재하고 있었으며, 심지어 메소포타미아보다 더 많았다. 그들은 이미 유럽의 청인종에 대체로 스며든 상태였다. 놋족속과 안돈족속 그리고 홍색 및 황색 상익 인종들과 섞인 아담족속으로 채워진 거대한 무리가, 지금 러시아와 투르케스탄이라고 불리는 땅의 광활한 남부 지대 전체를 두루 차지했다. 남부 유럽과 지중해 주변은, 극소수의 아담 혈통과 함께, 안돈족속과 --주황색, 녹색, 및 남색-- 상익 민족들의 혼혈 인종이 장악하고 있었다. 소아시아와 중앙-동부 유럽 땅은, 대체로 안돈족속에 해당하는 부족들이 차지하고 있었다.
78:3.5 (871.1)
As the period of the early Adamic migrations ended, about 15,000 b.c., there were already more descendants of Adam in Europe and central Asia than anywhere else in the world, even than in Mesopotamia. The European blue races had been largely infiltrated. The lands now called Russia and Turkestan were occupied throughout their southern stretches by a great reservoir of the Adamites mixed with Nodites, Andonites, and red and yellow Sangiks. Southern Europe and the Mediterranean fringe were occupied by a mixed race of Andonite and Sangik peoples—orange, green, and indigo—with a sprinkling of the Adamite stock. Asia Minor and the central-eastern European lands were held by tribes that were predominantly Andonite.
78:3.6 (871.2)
A blended colored race, about this time greatly reinforced by arrivals from Mesopotamia, held forth in Egypt and prepared to take over the disappearing culture of the Euphrates valley. The black peoples were moving farther south in Africa and, like the red race, were virtually isolated.
78:3.7 (871.3)
The Saharan civilization had been disrupted by drought and that of the Mediterranean basin by flood. The blue races had, as yet, failed to develop an advanced culture. The Andonites were still scattered over the Arctic and central Asian regions. The green and orange races had been exterminated as such. The indigo race was moving south in Africa, there to begin its slow but long-continued racial deterioration.
78:3.9 (871.5)
These racial distributions, associated with extensive climatic changes, set the world stage for the inauguration of the Andite era of Urantia civilization. These early migrations extended over a period of ten thousand years, from 25,000 to 15,000 b.c. The later or Andite migrations extended from about 15,000 to 6000 b.c.
78:4.1 (871.7)
The Andite races were the primary blends of the pure-line violet race and the Nodites plus the evolutionary peoples. In general, Andites should be thought of as having a far greater percentage of Adamic blood than the modern races. In the main, the term Andite is used to designate those peoples whose racial inheritance was from one-eighth to one-sixth violet. Modern Urantians, even the northern white races, contain much less than this percentage of the blood of Adam.
78:4.2 (871.8)
The earliest Andite peoples took origin in the regions adjacent to Mesopotamia more than twenty-five thousand years ago and consisted of a blend of the Adamites and Nodites. The second garden was surrounded by concentric circles of diminishing violet blood, and it was on the periphery of this racial melting pot that the Andite race was born. Later on, when the migrating Adamites and Nodites entered the then fertile regions of Turkestan, they soon blended with the superior inhabitants, and the resultant race mixture extended the Andite type northward.
78:4.3 (872.1)
The Andites were the best all-round human stock to appear on Urantia since the days of the pure-line violet peoples. They embraced most of the highest types of the surviving remnants of the Adamite and Nodite races and, later, some of the best strains of the yellow, blue, and green men.
78:4.4 (872.2)
These early Andites were not Aryan; they were pre-Aryan. They were not white; they were pre-white. They were neither an Occidental nor an Oriental people. But it is Andite inheritance that gives to the polyglot mixture of the so-called white races that generalized homogeneity which has been called Caucasoid.
78:4.5 (872.3)
The purer strains of the violet race had retained the Adamic tradition of peace-seeking, which explains why the earlier race movements had been more in the nature of peaceful migrations. But as the Adamites united with the Nodite stocks, who were by this time a belligerent race, their Andite descendants became, for their day and age, the most skillful and sagacious militarists ever to live on Urantia. Thenceforth the movements of the Mesopotamians grew increasingly military in character and became more akin to actual conquests.
78:5.1 (872.5)
For twenty thousand years the culture of the second garden persisted, but it experienced a steady decline until about 15,000 b.c., when the regeneration of the Sethite priesthood and the leadership of Amosad inaugurated a brilliant era. The massive waves of civilization which later spread over Eurasia immediately followed the great renaissance of the Garden consequent upon the extensive union of the Adamites with the surrounding mixed Nodites to form the Andites.
78:5.2 (872.6)
These Andites inaugurated new advances throughout Eurasia and North Africa. From Mesopotamia through Sinkiang the Andite culture was dominant, and the steady migration toward Europe was continuously offset by new arrivals from Mesopotamia. But it is hardly correct to speak of the Andites as a race in Mesopotamia proper until near the beginning of the terminal migrations of the mixed descendants of Adam. By this time even the races in the second garden had become so blended that they could no longer be considered Adamites.
투르케스탄의 문명은, 메소포타미아에서 새로 도래하는 사람들, 그리고 특히 후대의 안드족속 기마병{騎馬兵}으로 인해, 끊임없이 회복됐고 힘을 얻었다. 소위 아리아인의 원천 언어가 투르케스탄 고원지대에서 형성되고 있었으며;이것은 그 지역에 있던 안돈족속 방언과 아담선족속의 언어 및 후대 안드족속 언어의 혼합물이었다. 현대에 사용되는 여러 언어는, 유럽과 인도와 메소포타미아 평원 윗부분을 정복한 중앙 아시아의 이 부족들이 사용하던 초기 언어에서 유래됐다. 고대의 이 언어는, 소위 아리아 어족{語族}이라고 불리는 그 모든 유사성을, 서양의 여러 언어에 제공했다.
78:5.3 (872.7)
The civilization of Turkestan was constantly being revived and refreshed by the newcomers from Mesopotamia, especially by the later Andite cavalrymen. The so-called Aryan mother tongue was in process of formation in the highlands of Turkestan; it was a blend of the Andonic dialect of that region with the language of the Adamsonites and later Andites. Many modern languages are derived from this early speech of these central Asian tribes who conquered Europe, India, and the upper stretches of the Mesopotamian plains. This ancient language gave the Occidental tongues all of that similarity which is called Aryan.
78:5.5 (873.1)
The Andites not only migrated to Europe but to northern China and India, while many groups penetrated to the ends of the earth as missionaries, teachers, and traders. They contributed considerably to the northern groups of the Saharan Sangik peoples. But only a few teachers and traders ever penetrated farther south in Africa than the headwaters of the Nile. Later on, mixed Andites and Egyptians followed down both the east and west coasts of Africa well below the equator, but they did not reach Madagascar.
78:5.6 (873.2)
These Andites were the so-called Dravidian and later Aryan conquerors of India; and their presence in central Asia greatly upstepped the ancestors of the Turanians. Many of this race journeyed to China by way of both Sinkiang and Tibet and added desirable qualities to the later Chinese stocks. From time to time small groups made their way into Japan, Formosa, the East Indies, and southern China, though very few entered southern China by the coastal route.
이 인종 132명이 작은 배들을 나눠 타고 일본을 떠나서, 결국 남아메리카에 도착했고, 안데스 지역의 원주민과 결혼함으로, 후대에 잉카 제국 통치자들의 조상을 설립했다. 그들은 쉬운 중간지점, 즉 그 항로{航路} 도중에 발견되는 수많은 섬 위에 머물면서 태평양을 건널 수 있었다. 폴리네시아 군도{群島}는 현재보다 숫자가 훨씬 많았고 면적도 훨씬 넓었으며, 이 안드족속 항해자들은, 따라오는 소수의 무리들과 함께, 이동하는 도중에 많은 원주민 집단을 생물학적으로 변경시켰다. 안드족속이 지나감으로 말미암아, 지금은 물에 가라앉아있는 이 땅들에서, 번성하는 여러 문명 중심지가 형성됐다. 이스터 섬은, 사라진 이 집단들 가운데 하나의 종교 및 경영 중심지역할을 오래 유지했다. 그러나 오래 전부터 태평양을 항해한 많은 안드족속 가운데 132명 외에는, 아무도 아메리카 본토에 이르지 못했다.
78:5.7 (873.3)
One hundred and thirty-two of this race, embarking in a fleet of small boats from Japan, eventually reached South America and by intermarriage with the natives of the Andes established the ancestry of the later rulers of the Incas. They crossed the Pacific by easy stages, tarrying on the many islands they found along the way. The islands of the Polynesian group were both more numerous and larger then than now, and these Andite sailors, together with some who followed them, biologically modified the native groups in transit. Many flourishing centers of civilization grew up on these now submerged lands as a result of Andite penetration. Easter Island was long a religious and administrative center of one of these lost groups. But of the Andites who navigated the Pacific of long ago none but the one hundred and thirty-two ever reached the mainland of the Americas.
안드족속의 이주와 정복은, 마지막 분산{分散}이 발생된 기원전 8000년에서 6000년까지 계속됐다. 그들이 메소포타미아에서 쏟아져 나옴에 따라서, 본거지의 생물학적 보존물은 계속 고갈{枯渴}됐고, 한편 주변의 민족들을 현저히 강화시켰다. 그리고 그들이 지나가는 각 나라마다, 유머, 예술, 모험, 음악, 및 제조기술을 증진시켰다. 동물을 길들이는 재주가 있었고 농업 전문가였다. 적어도 한동안은, 그들이 나타남으로 말미암아 대개 옛 인종들의 종교적 신념과 도덕적 풍습이 개선됐다. 그리하여 메소포타미아 문화는, 유럽, 인도, 중국, 아프리카 북부, 그리고 태평양의 섬들로 조용히 퍼져나갔다.
78:5.8 (873.4)
The migratory conquests of the Andites continued on down to their final dispersions, from 8000 to 6000 b.c. As they poured out of Mesopotamia, they continuously depleted the biologic reserves of their homelands while markedly strengthening the surrounding peoples. And to every nation to which they journeyed, they contributed humor, art, adventure, music, and manufacture. They were skillful domesticators of animals and expert agriculturists. For the time being, at least, their presence usually improved the religious beliefs and moral practices of the older races. And so the culture of Mesopotamia quietly spread out over Europe, India, China, northern Africa, and the Pacific Islands.
78:6.1 (873.5)
The last three waves of Andites poured out of Mesopotamia between 8000 and 6000 b.c. These three great waves of culture were forced out of Mesopotamia by the pressure of the hill tribes to the east and the harassment of the plainsmen of the west. The inhabitants of the Euphrates valley and adjacent territory went forth in their final exodus in several directions:
78:6.4 (874.1)
Ten per cent of the Mesopotamians turned eastward in their northern trek, entering Sinkiang, where they blended with the Andite-yellow inhabitants. The majority of the able offspring of this racial union later entered China and contributed much to the immediate improvement of the northern division of the yellow race.
78:6.6 (874.3)
Five per cent of the Andites, the very superior culture of the coastal district about the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates who had kept themselves free from intermarriage with the inferior neighboring tribesmen, refused to leave their homes. This group represented the survival of many superior Nodite and Adamite strains.
두 번째 동산의 문화 시대는, 열등한 혈통의 주변 사람들이 더욱 침투해 들어옴으로써 종말을 맞이했다. 문명은 서쪽으로 이동하여 나일 강과 지중해 섬들에 도달했고, 거기서 계속 번성하고 발전했으며, 오랜 세월이 흐른 뒤에, 메소포타미아 근원지가 퇴락{頹落}하게 됐다. 그리고 열등한 민족들이 제지받지 않고 이렇게 유입된 것은, 북방 야만인이 메소포타미아 전역을 나중에 정복하도록 길을 닦아줬으며, 그들은 남아있는 유능한 혈통을 몰아냈다. 심지어 후기 시대에도, 문화를 소유한 나머지 사람들은, 무식하고 거친 이 침입자들의 출현에 여전히 분개했다.
78:6.8 (874.5)
The cultural age of the second garden was terminated by the increasing infiltration of the surrounding inferior stocks. Civilization moved westward to the Nile and the Mediterranean islands, where it continued to thrive and advance long after its fountainhead in Mesopotamia had deteriorated. And this unchecked influx of inferior peoples prepared the way for the later conquest of all Mesopotamia by the northern barbarians who drove out the residual strains of ability. Even in later years the cultured residue still resented the presence of these ignorant and uncouth invaders.
첫 에덴이 물에 잠긴 후 수천 년 동안, 지중해 동부 연안 근처의 산맥과 메소포타미아 북서부 및 북동부 산맥이 계속 솟아올랐다. 고원지대의 이런 상승 현상은 기원전 5000년경에 크게 가속됐고, 북쪽에 있는 산들 위에 점점 더 엄청나게 쌓이는 눈과 함께, 전체 유프라테스 강 유역에 매해 봄마다 전례 없던 홍수를 일으키는 원인이 됐다. 이런 봄철 홍수는 더욱 심각하게 되어, 결국 강 주변 사람들로 하여금 동부 고원지대로 이주하도록 만들었다. 거의 1,000년 동안 이런 광범한 지역의 이 대홍수들 때문에, 수많은 도시가 사실상 황폐한 상태로 변했다.
78:7.2 (874.7)
For thousands of years after the submergence of the first Eden the mountains about the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and those to the northwest and northeast of Mesopotamia continued to rise. This elevation of the highlands was greatly accelerated about 5000 b.c., and this, together with greatly increased snowfall on the northern mountains, caused unprecedented floods each spring throughout the Euphrates valley. These spring floods grew increasingly worse so that eventually the inhabitants of the river regions were driven to the eastern highlands. For almost a thousand years scores of cities were practically deserted because of these extensive deluges.
78:7.3 (874.8)
Almost five thousand years later, as the Hebrew priests in Babylonian captivity sought to trace the Jewish people back to Adam, they found great difficulty in piecing the story together; and it occurred to one of them to abandon the effort, to let the whole world drown in its wickedness at the time of Noah’s flood, and thus to be in a better position to trace Abraham right back to one of the three surviving sons of Noah.
78:7.4 (875.1)
The traditions of a time when water covered the whole of the earth’s surface are universal. Many races harbor the story of a world-wide flood some time during past ages. The Biblical story of Noah, the ark, and the flood is an invention of the Hebrew priesthood during the Babylonian captivity. There has never been a universal flood since life was established on Urantia. The only time the surface of the earth was completely covered by water was during those Archeozoic ages before the land had begun to appear.
그러나 노아는 실제 인물이었으며;아람에서 포도주를 만드는 자였고, 에렉 근처 강변에 거주하던 사람이었다. 그는 강물이 불어나는 날들을 해마다 기록했다. 홍수 철이 다가오면, 그는 그 강 유역을 오르내리면서, 모든 집을 배 모양이 되도록 나무로 지을 것과, 집에서 기르는 동물을 매일 밤마다 배에 실으라고 외쳤으므로, 많은 조롱을 받았다. 그는 강 근처에 정착한 이웃에게 해마다 가서, 홍수가 아주 오랫동안 임할 것이라고 경고하곤 했다. 마침내 매년 발생되는 홍수 철이 시작됐고, 유별나게 심한 비가 폭포수처럼 쏟아져서 강물이 크게 불어남으로써 모든 마을이 휩쓸렸으며;오직 노아와 그의 직계 가족만이, 배 위에 지은 집으로 말미암아 안전하게 피할 수 있었다.
78:7.5 (875.2)
But Noah really lived; he was a wine maker of Aram, a river settlement near Erech. He kept a written record of the days of the river’s rise from year to year. He brought much ridicule upon himself by going up and down the river valley advocating that all houses be built of wood, boat fashion, and that the family animals be put on board each night as the flood season approached. He would go to the neighboring river settlements every year and warn them that in so many days the floods would come. Finally a year came in which the annual floods were greatly augmented by unusually heavy rainfall so that the sudden rise of the waters wiped out the entire village; only Noah and his immediate family were saved in their houseboat.
78:7.7 (875.4)
The remnants of this, one of the oldest civilizations, are to be found in these regions of Mesopotamia and to the northeast and northwest. But still older vestiges of the days of Dalamatia exist under the waters of the Persian Gulf, and the first Eden lies submerged under the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
안드족속의 마지막 분산으로 말미암아, 메소포타미아에서 생물학적 문명 중심세력이 힘을 잃게 됐을 때, 우수한 이 인종 가운데 소수 집단이, 그 강들의 입구 근처에 있는 고향에 남아있었다. 이들이 바로 수메르인이었으며, 기원전 6000년경에, 그들의 문화의 성격은 놋족속에 더 가까웠고, 달라마시아의 고대 전통을 고집하고 있었지만, 태생적으로는 거의 안드족속이 돼있었다. 그럼에도, 해변 지역의 이 수메르인은, 메소포타미아에 남은 마지막 안드족속이었다. 그러나 메소포타미아 인종들은, 이 시대의 무덤에서 발견되는 두개골 유형이 증명하는 바와 같이, 이런 후대에 이르자 이미 철저히 피가 섞여있었다.
78:8.1 (875.5)
When the last Andite dispersion broke the biologic backbone of Mesopotamian civilization, a small minority of this superior race remained in their homeland near the mouths of the rivers. These were the Sumerians, and by 6000 b.c. they had become largely Andite in extraction, though their culture was more exclusively Nodite in character, and they clung to the ancient traditions of Dalamatia. Nonetheless, these Sumerians of the coastal regions were the last of the Andites in Mesopotamia. But the races of Mesopotamia were already thoroughly blended by this late date, as is evidenced by the skull types found in the graves of this era.
78:8.2 (875.6)
It was during the floodtimes that Susa so greatly prospered. The first and lower city was inundated so that the second or higher town succeeded the lower as the headquarters for the peculiar artcrafts of that day. With the later diminution of these floods, Ur became the center of the pottery industry. About seven thousand years ago Ur was on the Persian Gulf, the river deposits having since built up the land to its present limits. These settlements suffered less from the floods because of better controlling works and the widening mouths of the rivers.
유프라테스 강과 티그리스 강 유역에서 평화롭게 곡식을 재배하던 사람들은, 투르케스탄과 이란 평원에 사는 야만인의 침입 때문에 오래 전부터 몹시 시달려왔었다. 그러나 일제히 벌어진 유프라테스 강 유역의 침략은, 고원지대 목초지에 점점 심한 가뭄이 닥침으로써 발생됐다. 그리고 이런 침략은 훨씬 심각했는데, 주변에 있는 이 목축업자와 사냥꾼들이, 길들여진 말을 많이 소유했기 때문이다. 그들보다 더 부유한 남쪽 사람들에 비해서 군사적으로 훨씬 우위를 지킬 수 있었던 이유는 바로 이런 말의 소유였다. 그들은 삽시간에 메소포타미아 전역을 휩쓸면서, 유럽 전역과 서부 아시아 그리고 북부 아프리카로 마지막 문화 물결이 퍼져나가게 했다.
78:8.3 (875.7)
The peaceful grain growers of the Euphrates and Tigris valleys had long been harassed by the raids of the barbarians of Turkestan and the Iranian plateau. But now a concerted invasion of the Euphrates valley was brought about by the increasing drought of the highland pastures. And this invasion was all the more serious because these surrounding herdsmen and hunters possessed large numbers of tamed horses. It was the possession of horses which gave them a tremendous military advantage over their rich neighbors to the south. In a short time they overran all Mesopotamia, driving forth the last waves of culture which spread out over all of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.
메소포타미아를 정복한 이 사람들 대열에는, 아담선 혈통 일부를 포함해서, 투르케스탄 북부 지역의 인종들과 섞인 우수한 안드족속 종족들 가운데 다수가 들어있었다. 북쪽에서 도래한, 덜 진보됐지만 더 강력한 이 부족들이, 메소포타미아 문명의 잔여물{殘餘物}을 재빨리 그리고 기꺼이 흡수했고, 마침내 역사 시대가 시작될 즈음에, 유프라테스 강 유역에 정착한 혼합된 민족들로 발전했다. 그들은 사라지는 여러 국면의 메소포타미아 문명을 회복시켰는데, 계곡 부족들의 예술과 수메르인 문화 대부분을 받아들였다. 심지어 그들은 세 번째 바벨 탑 건설을 꾀했고, 나중에는 그 이름을 그들 나라의 이름으로 채택하기도 했다.
78:8.4 (876.1)
These conquerors of Mesopotamia carried in their ranks many of the better Andite strains of the mixed northern races of Turkestan, including some of the Adamson stock. These less advanced but more vigorous tribes from the north quickly and willingly assimilated the residue of the civilization of Mesopotamia and presently developed into those mixed peoples found in the Euphrates valley at the beginning of historic annals. They quickly revived many phases of the passing civilization of Mesopotamia, adopting the arts of the valley tribes and much of the culture of the Sumerians. They even sought to build a third tower of Babel and later adopted the term as their national name.
이 야만인 기마병들이 북동부로부터 침입하여 유프라테스 강 유역 전체를 차지했을 때, 페르시아 만의 강 입구 근처에 거주하던 나머지 안드족속은 정복하지 않았다. 이 수메르인은 우수한 지성과 훨씬 강력한 무기, 그리고 저수지들을 서로 연결하는 방식을 사용함으로써, 부수적으로 관개{灌漑} 시설로도 사용한 광범한 체계의 군사적 수로{水路}를 갖추고 있었으므로, 스스로 방어할 수 있었다. 그들은 동일한 집단 종교를 소유했으므로, 결합된 민족을 형성했다. 그리하여 그들은 북서쪽 이웃 나라들이 고립된 도시-국가들로 갈라진 지 오랜 후에도, 그 종족과 민족적 순결성을 유지할 수 있었다. 이 도시 집단 가운데 어떤 것도, 뭉쳐있는 수메르인을 정복할 수 없었다.
78:8.5 (876.2)
When these barbarian cavalrymen from the northeast overran the whole Euphrates valley, they did not conquer the remnants of the Andites who dwelt about the mouth of the river on the Persian Gulf. These Sumerians were able to defend themselves because of superior intelligence, better weapons, and their extensive system of military canals, which were an adjunct to their irrigation scheme of interconnecting pools. They were a united people because they had a uniform group religion. They were thus able to maintain their racial and national integrity long after their neighbors to the northwest were broken up into isolated city-states. No one of these city groups was able to overcome the united Sumerians.
78:8.6 (876.3)
And the invaders from the north soon learned to trust and prize these peace-loving Sumerians as able teachers and administrators. They were greatly respected and sought after as teachers of art and industry, as directors of commerce, and as civil rulers by all peoples to the north and from Egypt in the west to India in the east.
78:8.7 (876.4)
After the breakup of the early Sumerian confederation the later city-states were ruled by the apostate descendants of the Sethite priests. Only when these priests made conquests of the neighboring cities did they call themselves kings. The later city kings failed to form powerful confederations before the days of Sargon because of deity jealousy. Each city believed its municipal god to be superior to all other gods, and therefore they refused to subordinate themselves to a common leader.
78:8.8 (876.5)
The end of this long period of the weak rule of the city priests was terminated by Sargon, the priest of Kish, who proclaimed himself king and started out on the conquest of the whole of Mesopotamia and adjoining lands. And for the time, this ended the city-states, priest-ruled and priest-ridden, each city having its own municipal god and its own ceremonial practices.
78:8.10 (877.1)
About 2500 b.c. the Sumerians suffered severe reverses at the hands of the northern Suites and Guites. Lagash, the Sumerian capital built on flood mounds, fell. Erech held out for thirty years after the fall of Akkad. By the time of the establishment of the rule of Hammurabi the Sumerians had become absorbed into the ranks of the northern Semites, and the Mesopotamian Andites passed from the pages of history.
78:8.11 (877.2)
From 2500 to 2000 b.c. the nomads were on a rampage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The Nerites constituted the final eruption of the Caspian group of the Mesopotamian descendants of the blended Andonite and Andite races. What the barbarians failed to do to effect the ruination of Mesopotamia, subsequent climatic changes succeeded in accomplishing.
78:8.12 (877.3)
And this is the story of the violet race after the days of Adam and of the fate of their homeland between the Tigris and Euphrates. Their ancient civilization finally fell due to the emigration of superior peoples and the immigration of their inferior neighbors. But long before the barbarian cavalrymen conquered the valley, much of the Garden culture had spread to Asia, Africa, and Europe, there to produce the ferments which have resulted in the twentieth-century civilization of Urantia.